Effect of PM 2.5 and PM 10 on Birth Outcomes in Hillsborough County, Florida. Público
Ishaku, Nafisa (2011)
Abstract
Effect of PM 2.5 and PM 10 on Birth Outcomes in Hillsborough
County,
Florida.
By
Nafisa Ishaku
There is a lot of concern on pollution and the constant rise of
pollution in many
cities in the United States. Particulate matter has been studied as
an air pol utant with
possible effects on birth outcomes, but results have varied widely
on its effects. The study is
based on birth records in Hil sborough County, Florida. The
objective was to assess the
association between air particulate pol utants and feto-infant
morbidity outcomes; low birth
weight, very low birth weight, preterm birth, very preterm birth,
and small for gestational
age. A second objective was to asess the effect of the pollutants
on feto-infant morbidity
outcomes is modified by racio-ethnic differences . For this
study, birth data for 103, 961
newborns were successfully linked to air pollution data from
Environmental Protection
Agency from 2000-2007. Logistic regression models were used to
determine the
association between pollutants and birth outcomes and Chi square
test for demographic
data analysis. We observed increased risk for overall feto-infant
morbidity outcome in
women exposed to any of the particulate pollutants. Exposed women
had increased odds for
low birth weight, very low birth weight and preterm birth with the
greatest risk being that for
very low birth weight (OR=1.27, 95% CI=1.08-1.49). Black women
exposed to any
particulate pollutant had the greatest odds for al the morbidity
outcomes, most pronounced
for very low birth weight (OR=3.32, 95% CI=2.56-4.30). We concluded
that environmental
particulate pol utants are associated with adverse feto-infant
outcomes among exposed
women, especially blacks. Black-white disparity in adverse fetal
outcomes is widened in the
presence of these pollutants, thus providing a target for
intervention.
Table of Contents
Introduction………………………………………………………………………….1
Air pollution and particulate
matter……………………………………………1
Hillsborough
County…………………………………………………………..2
Air pollution and birth
outcomes………………………………………………3
Present
study…………………………………………………………………..
5
Methods………………………………………………………………………………
5
Research
hypothesis……………………………………………………………5
Study
population……………………………………………………………….5
PM 2.5, coarse fraction and PM 10
measurements……………………………..7
Exposure
estimation…………………………………………………………..
8
Statistical analysis
………………………………………………………….…..9
Results…………………………………………………………………………….….10
Discussion………………………………………………….…………………….….12
Strengths…………………………………………………………….…….….14
Limitations………………………..
……………………………………..…..
15
Conclusion……………………………………………………………...……………17
Recommendations for future
research…………………………………………18
Recommendations for policy
makers…………………………………………..18
Appendices………………………………………………………………………….37
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