Getting Ahead: The Effects of Parental Education, Income, and Occupation on Children's Skills at Kindergarten Entry Público
Leitner-Zieff, Ariel (2011)
Abstract
Many studies have sought to determine the effects that a
family's socioeconomic status (SES)
can have on a child's educational achievement. However, few studies
scrutinize this concept in
such a way as to account for the independent effects of parental
educational attainment, income,
and occupation. In this study I examine the particular mechanisms
through which parents'
educational attainment, income, and occupation can promote their
child's academic success. In
examining children's scores on reading and math tests at
kindergarten entry, I am able to focus
solely on the home and background effects, before the formal
schooling system has made an
impact. I analyze the effects that parental education, income, and
occupation can have on
reading and math scores, and account for mediation caused by other
intervening variables. My
findings suggest that parental education shapes children's skills
through parental expectations for
educational attainment, the frequency of activities, and parental
involvement at school, that
parental income matters through activities outside the home,
extracurricular activities, and
neighborhood safety, and, to a lesser extent, that parental
occupation matters through parent's
beliefs on the importance of skills, whether they ever spank their
children, and whether they
implement physical punishment. Finally, I discuss future
implications for these findings.
Table of Contents
Table of Contents
Introduction
1
Literature Review
4
Education
8
Income
10
Occupation
15
Kindergarten Entry
17
School Environment
18
Hypotheses
19
Data and Methods
21
Results
26
Discussion and Conclusion
31
References
36
Tables
38
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