Mosquito Prevalence and Malaria Risk in Relation to Land-Use Near Ranomafana National Park in Madagascar Público

Abstract

OBJECTIVE. To examine the association between mosquito prevalence and malaria risk
in varying land-use sites in and around Ranomafana National Park in Madagascar.

METHODS. Analyses were based on mosquitoes trapped in six different villages and
the surrounding forests and agricultural sites from June to August of 2013. Two CDC
miniature light traps were set in each land-use site and trapping took place for a minimum
of three nights in each of the 6 different village, forest and agricultural locations. Trapped
mosquitoes were collected, desiccated and sent to the CDC for analysis. ELISA was used
to test all female Anopheles mosquitoes for the malaria parasite, Plasmodium. PCR was
used to confirm positive ELISA results.

RESULTS. A total of 2,033 mosquitoes, with 415 Anopheles, were trapped during the 21
nights of trapping. Based on Poisson regression analysis, agricultural land-use sites had a
higher prevalence of Anopheles mosquitoes than the forest and village sites. Interestingly,
forest sites had the lowest prevalence of Anopheles. Close proximity to animal pens was
also associated with higher prevalence of Anopheles mosquitoes. Three mosquitoes were
ELISA-positive, but PCR results did not confirm the presence of Plasmodium DNA.

CONCLUSION. Data demonstrates that agricultural sites have a higher prevalence of
Anopheles mosquitoes than forest or village sites. In addition, proximity to domesticated
animal pens was associated with higher prevalence of Anopheles, but sample size
precluded detailed examination of this relationship. Further investigation will be required
to develop specific predictions of risks for malaria transmission and potential for malaria
interventions.

Table of Contents

INTRODUCTION 1
OBJECTIVES 5

MATERIALS AND METHODS 6
ETHICS STATEMENT 6

IRB 6
SITE SELECTION 6
COLLECTION METHOD 7
LABORATORY ANALYSIS 9
ELISA 9
PCR 10
DATA ANALYSIS 11

RESULTS 11
PREVALENCE DATA 11
ELISA 15
PCR CONFIRMATION OF POTENTIAL POSITIVES 15
ITS2 15

DISCUSSION 16

CONCLUSION 31

REFERENCES 32

APPENDIX: TABLES AND FIGURES 36

About this Master's Thesis

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School	Rollins School of Public Health
Department	Environmental Health
Degree	MPH
Submission	Master's Thesis
Language	English
Research Field	Health Sciences, Public Health
Palavra-chave	Madagascar land-use Plasmodium Anopheles mosquito malaria
Committee Chair / Thesis Advisor	Gillespie, Thomas R., Emory University
Committee Members	Tolbert, Paige, Emory University Levy, Karen, Emory University
Partnering Agencies	Emory University schools, faculty or affiliated programs CDC

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