The Impact of Meat Consumption on the Urinary Concentration of Dialkyl Phosphate Metabolites Pubblico
Sinatra, Jennifer Ann (2015)
Abstract
Background: Organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) are frequently used globally in agricultural and residential settings. Diet may contribute to chronic low-level exposure to OPs. The contribution of some dietary components, such as fruit, to OP exposure is well understood; limited previous research has identified the role of meat product consumption in OP exposure.
Methods: Data from five National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) cycles (from 1999 - 2008) were used to conduct a retrospective cross-sectional analysis to examine the association between meat consumption and the urinary concentration of four different dialkyl phosphate (DAP) metabolites of OPs. Using a linear regression analysis, the beta coefficients and 95% confidence intervals for meat consumption were estimated adjusting for covariates such as fruit and vegetable consumption. This analysis was also run on a subset of samples that had metabolite values above the limit of detection (LOD). A secondary analysis was conducted using logistic regression with an outcome of metabolite values either above or below the LOD. Each of these analyses was also run with and without the population weights provided in NHANES.
Results: The mean level of the sum of all DAP metabolites in the population was 160.7 nanomolar (sd = 639.8) and the mean level of meat consumption was 2.2 servings in 24 hours (sd = 2.3). Linear regression analysis showed a significant inverse association between consumption of meat and DAP metabolite levels (p = 0.0020). The association varied in significance for the individual metabolites, but the association was inverse in all cases. Logistic regression also showed an inverse association (odds ratio = 0.984), but no significance in the unweighted model (p = 0.2539).
Conclusions: Meat consumption was inversely associated with urinary DAP metabolite levels among individuals participating in the NHANES environmental chemicals subset in five NHANES cycles from 1999-2008. This may reflect residual confounding by imperfectly measured consumption of foods that are inversely related to meat consumption. Future studies should more specifically measure amounts of meat consumed while accounting for OP exposure from other specific dietary sources, and examine the effects of different types of meat (beef, pork, other preparations, etc.) on DAP levels.
Table of Contents
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION
Introduction and Rationale
Problem Statement
Purpose Statement
Significance Statement
Definition of Terms
CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Organophosphorus Pesticides in Meat
Organophosphorus Pesticides in Other Foods
Symptoms of Chronic Organophosphorus Pesticide Exposure
Organophosphorus Pesticide Dietary Exposure
Surveys of Organophosphorus Pesticide Metabolite Levels
Federal Regulation of Organophosphorus Pesticides
CHAPTER III: METHODOLOGY
Study Type and Source of Data
Study Population
Outcomes and Exposures
Weighting
Analysis Plan
CHAPTER IV: RESULTS
Descriptive Analysis
Table 1
Linear Regression Analysis
Table 2
Table 3
Logistic Regression Analysis
Table 4
CHAPTER V: DISCUSSION
Summary
Limitations
Conclusions
Future Directions
REFERENCES
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