ii Latino and African American Adolescent and Young Adult Homicide Mortality Peak: Data from the National Violent Death Reporting System 2005-2008 Público
Villar, Julian (2011)
Published
Abstract
iv
Abstract
Latino and African American Adolescent and Young Adult Homicide
Mortality
Peak: Data from the National Violent Death Reporting System
2005-2008
Julian Villar
Purpose: To determine if there is an increase in homicide
rates of Latinos and non-Latino
African Americans relative to non-Latino Whites in adolescents and
young adults using
data from the sixteen states participating in the National Violent
Death Reporting System
(NVDRS).
Methods: A retrospective observational study using deaths
reported to the NVDRS
between 2005 and 2008 was conducted. Source population demographic
information for
each state was obtained from the US Census Bureau. Analysis
included 16,193 homicides
in 16 states, over 317,645,051 person-years.
Results: Statistically significant peaks in the homicide
rate ratios of both Latinos (RR
4.11, 95% CI 3.61, 4.67) and non-Latino African Americans (RR
13.72, 95% CI 12.48,
15.07) aged 20-24 years relative to non-Latino Whites are present
when all 16 states are
combined. Massachusetts had the largest peak for both African
Americans and Latinos.
Rate ratios for males were greater than for females in all states.
Peaks were present for
Latino males in all states except Alaska, Rhode Island, and South
Carolina; for Latina
females only in Colorado and North Carolina; for African American
males in all states
except Utah; and for African American females in all states except
Alaska,
Massachusetts, New Mexico, Oregon, Rhode Island, and Utah. A weak
positive
correlation exists between the proportion of each racial/ethnic
group living in poverty and
the homicide rate for that group in each state (r2= 0.21, p= 0.04)
when all races/ethnicities
were plotted together. This relationship disappears when stratified
by race/ethnicity and
sex.
Conclusions: Latinos and African Americans are at higher
risk of homicide than Whites
in all age groups. Though this relationship had been previously
alluded to in California,
it had not previously been shown in other states or demonstrated
directly. The
relationship between poverty and homicide appears to be confounded
by race/ethnicity.
It is likely, therefore, that cultural differences between
adolescents and young adults of
different races/ethnicities, not socioeconomic status, are the
driving force behind
differences in homicide rates. Exploration of the homicide rate
ratio patterns in the
remaining states, as well as further characterization of factors
contributing to homicide
are important next steps.
v
Latino and African American Adolescent and Young Adult Homicide
Mortality
Peak: Data from the National Violent Death Reporting System
2005-2008
by
Julian Villar
BA, Wesleyan University, 2005
MD, Emory University, 2011
Thesis Committee Chair: Julie Gazmararian, PhD, MPH
A thesis submitted to the Faculty of the
Rollins School of Public Health of Emory University
In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of
Master of Public Health
In Epidemiology
2011
Table of Contents
vii
Table of Contents
Introduction
1
Methods
5
Results
11
Discussion
16
Conclusion
19
References
21
Tables and Figures
23
Appendix 1
29
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