International Associations at the Nexus of Globalization, Religion, and Human Rights Público

Abstract

Abstract
International Associations at the Nexus of Globalization, Religion, and Human Rights
By David V. Brewington
Religion and human rights are often analyzed in the contexts of globalization, but the nexus in
which they intersect is rarely investigated. By utilizing data on international nongovernmental
organizations (INGOs), I examine the religious and secular characteristics of INGOs from 1800
to 1995, the global conditions in which human rights organizations appear from 1839 through
1994, and the characteristics of how religious freedom advocates do their work. Global civil
society undergoes a significant shift in the latter half of the 19th century, from a predominantly
religious population of organizations to a predominantly secular population of organizations in
the space of 50 years. Global human rights organizing is conditioned by the wider global civil
society and global legal framework in which it is situated, and responds also to the global
economy, war, and global levels of democracy. Religious freedom advocacy takes heterogeneous
forms and simultaneously universalizes and particularizes in its efforts to secure liberty of
conscience.

International Associations at the Nexus of Globalization, Religion, and Human Rights
By
David V. Brewington
M.A., Emory University, 2007
B.A., University of California at Davis, 1996
Advisor: Frank J. Lechner, Ph.D.
A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of the
James T. Laney School of Graduate Studies of Emory University
in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of
Doctor of Philosophy
in Sociology
2011

Table of Contents

Table of Contents

Chapter 1 - INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................ 1
Chapter 2 - THEORY AND THE HISTORY OF RELIGIOUS FREEDOM ............................... 20
Chapter 3 - METHODOLOGY ..................................................................................................... 67
Chapter 4 - RELIGIOUS AND SECULAR INGOS ..................................................................... 76
Chapter 5 - HUMAN RIGHTS INGOs.......................................................................................... 92
Chapter 6 - RELIGIOUS FREEDOM INGOs ............................................................................. 108
Chapter 7 - CONCLUSION ........................................................................................................ 131

LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 2.1: Theoretical approaches, research questions, and hypotheses ...................................... 66
Figure 3.1: Screenshot of a record in the UIA 2001-02 CD-ROM ................................................ 70
Figure 3.2: Partial record from post-processed UIA data .............................................................. 71
Figure 4.1: Religious contributions to selected transnational social justice movements ............... 78
Figure 4.2: Founding rates for INGOs from 1500 to 1995 ............................................................ 82
Figure 4.3: Proportion of RINGOs to all INGOs from 1500 to 1994 ............................................ 83
Figure 4.4: Cumulative foundings of RINGOs and SINGOs ........................................................ 84
Figure 4.5: Top 100 Words with organization foundings 1500-1859 (religious in bold) .............. 86
Figure 4.6: Top 100 Words with organization foundings 1860-1905 (religious in bold). ............. 87
Figure 4.7: Religious and Secular Nouns by RINGO and SINGO cross-tabulation - 1500-1994. 88
Figure 4.8: Percentage of religious speech for religious and secular organizations founded 1500-
1994. .............................................................................................................................................. 89
Figure 5.1: Variable descriptions and properties ........................................................................... 96
Figure 5.2: Correlation Matrix of variables utilized in analysis .................................................... 98
Figure 5.3: Foundings of HRINGOs 1839-1994 ........................................................................... 99
Figure 5.4: Negative binomial regression models of HRINGO foundings 1839-1994 ............... 100
Figure 5.5: Negative binomial regression models of HRINGO foundings 1839-1994 with
incidence rate ratios ..................................................................................................................... 101
Figure 5.6: Negative binomial regression models of HRINGOs 1839-1994, by historical period
..................................................................................................................................................... 103
Figure 5.7: Negative binomial regression models of HRINGOs 1839-1994 with incidence rate
ratios, by historical period ............................................................................................................ 104
Figure 5.8: Line plots of war variables ........................................................................................ 106
Figure 6.1: Religious orientation of RF-INGOs. ......................................................................... 112
Figure 6.2: Cumulative foundings of RF-INGOs from 1880-2000 ............................................. 112

Figure 6.3: Continental locations of offices for RF-INGOs and INGOs. .................................... 113
Figure 6.4: Continental locations of memberships of RF-INGOs and INGOs ............................ 114
Figure 6.5: Religious orientation of RF-INGOs .......................................................................... 115
Figure 6.6: The dimensions of RF-INGOs................................................................................... 122
Figure 6.7: Cumulative foundings of RFINGOs by type ............................................................. 124
Figure 6.8: Typology of RF-INGOs ............................................................................................ 129
Figure 7.1: Summary of results of analysis.................................................................................. 135

About this Dissertation

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School	Laney Graduate School
Department	Sociology
Degree	PhD
Submission	Dissertation
Language	English
Research Field	Sociology, Organizational Sociology, General Religion, General
Palavra-chave	religious liberty religion secularization globalization international nongovernmental organizations INGOs human rights religious freedom freedom of religion
Committee Chair / Thesis Advisor	Lechner, Frank, Emory University
Committee Members	Tipton, Steven M, Emory University Dowd, Timothy J, Emory University Boli, John E, Emory University

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