Gambling with Hawaiian Home Land: The Potential Effects of a Casino in Hawaii on Income Differences between Native and Non-Native Populations Öffentlichkeit
Lee, Kathryn Sumie (2012)
Published
Abstract
Abstract
Gambling with Hawaiian Home Land: The Potential Effects of a Casino
in Hawaii on Income Differences between Native and Non-Native
Populations
Kathryn Sumie Lee
Using data on Native American reservation counties, this paper
provides the first empirical study
of the proposed casino in Hawaii as outlined in Hawaii House Bill
1227, which would establish a
casino on Native Hawaiian Home Land and allocate generated revenue
to the Native Hawaiian
Home Land trust fund. The results indicate that the number of "Las
Vegas-style" casinos
decrease the household income gap between native and non-native
peoples and the presence of
three or more "Las Vegas-style" casinos raise household income for
native people. A discussion
on cultural issues in Hawaii which will factor into the approval of
a gaming venture is detailed in
the conclusion.
Table of Contents
Table of Contents
I. Introduction 1
II. Background 3
A. Why Casinos May Affect Income Differences 3
B. History of Native American Gaming 4
C. How Native Gaming Could Have an Effect 6
III. Data and Empirical Methods 8
A. Difference in Differences Estimation 8
B. Data Collection 9
IV. Results 12
V. Conclusion 15
References 18
Table 1: Selected Summary Statistics 20
Table 2: Difference in Mean Household Income 20
Table 3: Regression Results for Tribal Casino Explanatory Variables
21
Table 4: Regression Results without Employment Explanatory
Variables 22
Table 5: Regression Results without Education Explanatory Variables
23
Table 6a: Class II Variable Effect on Income Gap 24
Table 6b: Class III Variable Effect on Income Gap 25
Table 7: Class III Casino Variable Effect on Household Income for
NA and W 26
Table 8: Class III Casino Counter Effect on Household Income for NA
and W 26
Table 9: Full Regression Results from Table 7 27
Table 10: Full Regression Results from Table 8 28
Figure 1. Native American Casino Counties: 1969-1979 29
Figure 2. Native American Casino Counties: 1979-1989 29
Figure 3. Native American Casino Counties: 1989-1999 30
Figure 4. Native American Casino Counties: 1999-2009 30
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