Long Term Effects of Prenatal Docosahexaenoic Acid Supplementation on Early Childhood Growth in Mexico Público
Okondo, Chantalle Akinyi (2012)
Abstract
Background: Long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids such as
docosahexaenoic acid
(DHA) have been associated with improved outcomes during early
infancy. Few
studies have examined the longer lasting effects of prenatal DHA
supplementation
on growth and development in early childhood. A randomized double
blind placebo
controlled trial was conducted in Mexico to ascertain the effects
of prenatal DHA
supplementation on childhood outcomes. At the end of the initial
study offspring of
supplemented primagravid women were reported to have larger birth
weights and
larger head circumference at birth than offspring of women who
received the
placebo.
Objective: A further follow up study was conducted to
examine the longer lasting effects
of prenatal supplementation on growth measures of offspring from 18
through 48
months of age.
Methods: Pregnant women in Mexico were randomly assigned to
receive either 400mg
of algal DHA or a placebo during week 18 to 20 of gestation through
delivery. The
children were followed from 18 months to 48 months and
anthropometric data
(height and weight) were collected and analyzed. The main outcomes
in the study
included weight (kg), height (cm), body mass index (BMI), height
for age z-scores
and weight for height z-scores.
Results: Anthropometric measurements were obtained at 18,
24, 36 and 48 months for
732, 675, 351 and 711 of the 973 children respectively from the
original study. The
overall results indicated that both the intervention and control
groups were similar
from 18 to 48 months. The results from intention to treat analysis
showed no
differences between DHA and placebo. Comparison of average weight
gain per
month between 18-48 months revealed that offspring born to women
who received
prenatal DHA gained more weight compared to those born to women who
received
the placebo, however these differences were not statistically
significant (p>0.05).
Mixed effect regression estimates for the effect of the
intervention and the
interaction between treatment and maternal gravidity were not
significant.
Conclusion: There were no long term significant effects of
prenatal DHA
supplementation on child growth between 18 months to 4 years of
age.
Table of Contents
Table of Contents
List of Tables and Figures...
Chapter 1: Introduction...1
Chapter 2: Literature Review...4
DHA intakes during pregnancy and lactation...5
DHA intakes among children...9
Prenatal DHA supplementation on childhood outcomes...10
Postnatal DHA supplementation and childhood outcomes...12
DHA Supplementation of children on growth and
development...13
Chapter 3: Manuscript...16
Contribution of Student...17
Abstract...18
Introduction...19
Methods...20
Study Site, Subjects and Experimental Design...20
Data Collection...23
Data Analysis...24
Results...25
Discussion...27
References...32
Tables and Figures...34
References...40
About this Master's Thesis
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