Trade, Travel, and Transportation Interventions to Mitigate the Spread of Respiratory Infectious Diseases During Pandemics Público
Morales, Marissa (Spring 2021)
Published
Abstract
Title: Trade, Travel, and Transportation Interventions to Mitigate the Spread of Respiratory Infectious Diseases During Pandemics
Author: Marissa Lynette Morales
Introduction: The global community acknowledges the important effects of trade, travel, and transportation on the spread of respiratory infectious diseases. Through these sectors, countries implement interventions that are both aligned and unaligned with international recommendations in an attempt to protect residents from respiratory infectious diseases. The World Health Organization (WHO), International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), and World Trade Organization (WTO) attempt to prevent the spread of respiratory infectious diseases using the 2005 International Health Regulations (IHR 2005).
Methods: A scoping literature review was conducted to synthesize interventions of trade, travel, and transportation networks in their attempts to minimize the spread of respiratory infectious diseases during pandemics. The review also sought to describe opportunities these networks have to minimize the spread of respiratory infectious diseases in future pandemics. Data were extracted on key findings related to the research questions and organized by trade, travel, and transportation networks. A review of peer-reviewed articles was conducted in PubMed.
Results: The electronic search returned 904 articles. Among the 75 articles ultimately included in this review, 36 were models. Over 62% of the included articles discuss interventions for preventing the spread of respiratory infectious diseases using coronavirus as a framework and the remaining articles primarily discussed them using influenza as a framework. Administrative controls were the most common control level in which interventions were implemented. Travel advisories, travel restrictions and bans, border screening measures, on-board interventions, quarantine, lockdown, and repatriation were administrative measures taken in an attempt to minimize the spread of respiratory infectious diseases during pandemics.
Conclusion: This scoping review demonstrated that trade, travel, and transportation networks are in a unique position to mitigate the spread of respiratory infectious diseases. Despite the growing available literature on respiratory infectious disease pandemics, these pandemics continue to persist, infect, and kill millions of people around the world. This review demonstrated that a limited number of studies have focused on interventions that have been put into place during respiratory disease pandemics and an even smaller amount have evaluated the effectiveness of these interventions.
Table of Contents
Chapter 1: Introduction 1
Chapter 2: Project Content 4
Methods 4
Table 1. Trade, Travel, and Transportation Network Definitions 6
Table 2. Themes Identified for Pandemic Control Organized by the Hierarchy of Controls 8
Results 9
Figure 1. PRISMA Flow Chart 9
Chapter 3: Discussion, Conclusion, and Recommendations 12
Discussion 12
Conclusion 22
Recommendations 25
References 28
Appendix 1 35
Table 3. Article Classification by Country/Region, Disease, and Model Use 35
Appendix 2 37
Table 4. Table Set of Article Intervention Focuses Organized by the Hierarchy of Controls 37
Appendix 3 39
Table 5: Table Set of Key Findings Related to Interventions in Each Level of Control from Articles That Do Not Include Models 39
Appendix 4 44
Table 6: Table Set of Key Findings Related to Interventions in Each Level of Control from Articles That Include Models 44
About this Master's Thesis
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