Characterization of Chaotic Motion in a Rotating Drum Pubblico

Abstract

Abstract Characterization of Chaotic Motion in a Rotating Drum By James E. Davidheiser Numerous studies in the past have demonstrated the potential for geometrically sim- ple fluid systems to produce complicated dynamical behavior. In particular, small collections of non-Brownian particles moving within viscous fluids can follow chaotic trajectories. In this work, we study a rotating drum filled with pure glycerol and three large, heavy particles. In studying these rotating drum systems, we have found a rich and varied phase space, made up of several previously unseen behaviors. With varying rotation rate, the particles can undergo straightforward cascading periodic behavior, and grouped periodic cascades we have labeled as doublet and triplet states. Furthermore, we find two regimes of qualitatively distinct chaotic behavior, with one type biased to either side of the drum, and the other lacking bias. The rotating drum experiment serves as a simple model system to demonstrate chaotic behavior in fluid dynamical systems. The existence of such model systems gives a baseline to which other systems can be compared and better understood, and our use of robust, easily implemented measurements serves as a straightforward comparison point which can be applied to various other chaotic fluid systems.

Table of Contents

1 Introduction 1 1.1 Motivation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 1.2 The Stokeslet Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1.3 Chaotic Motion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 1.4 Chaos in Pure Sedimentation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 1.5 Orbits and Bounded Behavior in Sedimentation . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 1.6 The Rotating Drum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 2 Theory 15 2.1 Motivation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 2.2 Equations of Motion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 2.3 Drum Spin-Up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 2.3.1 Ekman Pumping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 2.4 Fluid Effects Due to Beads Moving Within the Drum . . . . . . . . . 18 2.5 Particle-Particle Interactions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 2.6 Gravitational Force . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 2.7 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 3 Instrumentation and Methods 24 3.1 Experimental Apparatus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 3.1.1 The Drum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 3.1.2 Temperature Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 3.1.3 Imaging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 3.2 Particle Tracking Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 3.2.1 Algorithm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 3.2.2 Notes and limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314

Results and Analysis 34 4.1 Data Collection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 4.2 Phase Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 4.2.1 Description of the Five Phases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 4.2.2 Phase Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 4.2.3 Transients and Motor Stability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 4.3 Qualitative Fluid Behavior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 4.3.1 Periodic Regime . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 4.3.2 Doublet Regime . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 4.3.3 Triplet Regime . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 4.3.4 Biased Chaotic Regime . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 4.3.5 Fully Chaotic Regime . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

4.4 Fourier Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 4.5 Reduced Dimensionality Analysis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 4.5.1 Reduced Dimensionality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 4.5.2 2-D Histograms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 4.5.3 Entropy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 4.5.4 Bin Sizes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 4.6 Variation of Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 5 Summary and Outlook 64 5.1 Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 5.2 Outlook . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 Bibliography 68 A Video Capture Software 72 A.1 Software Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 A.1.1 Pixelink Software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 A.1.2 Installing Stream-Pixelink . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 A.2 Setting up the PixeLINK IEEE1394 Camera . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 A.2.1 Basic Controls Tab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 A.2.2 Region of Interest Tab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76 A.2.3 External Control Tab . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 A.3 Running Stream-Pixelink . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 B Video Tracking Software 80 B.1 Software Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 B.2 TrackFramebeta.m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80 B.3 TrackMovieSeq.m . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81

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School	Laney Graduate School
Department	Physics
Degree	PhD
Submission	Dissertation
Language	English
Research Field	Physics, Fluid and Plasma
Parola chiave	rotating fluid chaos drum viscous
Committee Chair / Thesis Advisor	Weeks, Eric, Emory University
Committee Members	Warncke, Kurt, Emory University Schatz, Michael, Georgia Tech Huynh, B H Vincent, Emory University Boettcher, Stefan, Emory University

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