Diabetes Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors Amongst Asian American Subgroups in California Public
Saddy, Anisha (Spring 2024)
Published
Abstract
Asian Americans are among the fastest growing racial groups within the United States and are vastly diverse with respect to ethnicity, language, immigration patterns, cultural beliefs, and sociodemographic factors. Although there are known disparities in diabetes risk between certain ethnic groups, this population is often grouped in aggregate for purposes of health data collection and interpretation. There is limited availability of disaggregated health data on sociodemographic risk factors across individual subgroups regarding diabetes risk, and the extent to which factors contribute most to the disparities observed.
This was a cross-sectional study examining data from 108,983 non-Hispanic White and Asian American adults (Chinese, Japanese, Korean, Filipino, South Asian, and Vietnamese) using 2016-2020 California Health Interview (CHIS). Diabetes was identified based on reported use of insulin or glucose-lowering medications, or an established medical diagnosis. Sociodemographic factors most strongly associated with increased diabetes risk within each group were identified using adjusted multivariable logistic regression modeling.
Filipinos had the highest diabetes prevalence across groups (11.5%), followed by Vietnamese (9.6%), Japanese (7.9%), non-Hispanic Whites (7.7%), South Asians (7.3%), Koreans (6.9%), and Chinese (5.5%). Among the non-Hispanic White group, obesity and lower education were most strongly associated with increased risk, and higher education and uninsured status were associated with a decreased risk. For the Chinese group, male gender, uninsured status, and obesity were most strongly associated with increased risk. Within Japanese and Filipino groups, both obesity and Medicare or Medicaid enrollment were strongly associated with increased risk, and a limited English proficiency was strongly associated with a decreased risk. For the South Asian group, male gender and obesity were strongly associated with increased risk. For the Korean group, obesity was strongly associated with increased risk. Within the Vietnamese group, there were no factors strongly associated with increased risk, but underweight status and limited English proficiency were strongly associated with decreased risk.
These results emphasize the need to provide disaggregate health data on Asian Americans. Identification of the sociodemographic factors that were strongly associated with diabetes risk amongst each group offer insights toward culturally- appropriate diabetes prevention and management strategies amongst individual populations.
Table of Contents
Table of Contents
Introduction 1
Methods 6
Data Source and Study Design 6
Study Measures and Participants 6
Statistical Analysis 7
Results 8
Discussion and Implications 26
References 29
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