Disturbance of the Nasopharyngeal Microbiome in Children After Introduction of PCV Öffentlichkeit

Abstract

The nasopharynx is a complex ecological niche, home to thousands of microbes. Some of the most common bacteria found there, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Staphylococcus aureus, and Moraxella catarrhalis, are also the leading causes worldwide for respiratory illness and other disease. While the introduction of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine led to a decrease in pneumococcal disease, it completely changed the environment within the nasopharynx, leading to a shift in S. pneumoniae serotypes and possible changes in the carriage rates of H. influenzae, S. aureus, and M. catarrhalis. This has led to fears of increases in illness causes by these microbes. This review focuses on the effects of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on the nasopharyngeal microbiome in various populations. With the use of PCV, S. pneumoniae serotypes have completed shifted from vaccine-type to non-vaccine type. The three most common NVT serotypes after PCV were 19F, 19A, and 6C. H. influenzae experienced a net increase in carriage after PCV, while S. aureus and M. catarrhalis showed no change overall. The increase in H. influenzae carriage has been shown in correlation with an increase in non-typeable H. influenzae infection in populations vaccinated by PCV. While PCV has been successful at lowering pneumococcal disease rates, its effects on the nasopharyngeal microbiota demonstrate that the use of vaccines on bacteria that co-exist within diverse microcosms may lead to unintended consequences.

Table of Contents

Introduction….1

           The nasopharyngeal microbiota…1

           The pneumococcal conjugate vaccine…2

Review purpose and criteria…4

Effects of PCV on Streptococcus pneumoniae carriage and serotype replacement…5

The nasopharyngeal microbiome in healthy children after PCV…7

Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae……8

Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus……10

Streptococcus pneumoniae and Moraxella catarrhalis………12

Discussion………………………………………………………………12

References……………………………………………………………14

About this Master's Thesis

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School	Rollins School of Public Health
Department	Hubert Department of Global Health
Degree	M.P.H.
Submission	Master's Thesis
Language	English
Research Field	Biology, Microbiology
Stichwort	Moraxella catarrhalis Children Pneumococcal conjugate disease Streptococcus pneumoniae Haemophilus influenzae Staphylococcus aureus
Committee Chair / Thesis Advisor	Jorge E. Vidal, Emory University

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