Risk Factors for Cryptosporidiosis and Giardiasis Infections in the United States: A Case-Case Comparison in 16 States Pubblico
Marder, Ellyn (2012)
Abstract
Cryptosporidiosis and giardiasis are common waterborne enteric
pathogens. Typical case-
control studies using surveillance data present challenges for
identifying risk factors for
enteric illness because < 5% of cases are captured. To combat
these challenges, case-case
comparisons have been suggested and used where cases of other
enteric illnesses are used
as controls. This study uses cases of cryptosporidiosis,
giardiasis, and salmonellosis cases
reported to the National Electronic Disease Surveillance System
(NEDSS) to identify risk
factors for cryptosporidiosis and giardiasis. A total of 9,266
cryptosporidiosis, 14,806
giardiasis, and 64,071 salmonellosis cases reported to NEDSS
between 2003 and 2010
from 16 states were included in the analysis. Cryptosporidiosis
infection was associated
with livestock contact, day care association, drinking untreated
water, having a private
well as a water source, knowing another ill person, recreational
water exposure and travel
when compared to salmonellosis infection. Giardiasis infection was
associated with day
care association, drinking untreated water, knowing other ill
persons, recreational water
exposures, and travel when compared to salmonellosis infection.
This study determined
that case-case comparisons can be a useful and efficient tool in
outbreak investigations
that could lead to more rapid identification of causes and timely
implementation of
control measures.
Table of Contents
Table of Contents
Chapter I
Literature
Review………………………………………………………………….1
Chapter II: Manuscript
Abstract……………………………………………………………………………8
Introduction………………………………………………………………………..9
Methods…………………………………………………………………………..11
Results……………………………………………………………………………13
Discussion………………………………………………………………………..15
References………………………………………………………………………..18
Tables…………………………………………………………………………….22
Figures…………………………………………………………………………....28
Chapter III
Summary…………………………………………………………………………30
Appendix…………………………………………………………………………………32
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