Determining the Utility of Rapid Diagnostic Tests for Surveillance of Three Epidemic-Prone Diseases During Complex Emergencies: A Systematic Review Público

Abstract

Complex emergencies (CEs) continue to occur in today's international climate, fueled by urbanization, transmigration, corruption and persistent economic and social inequalities. The societal breakdown and lack of authority characteristic of CEs provide opportunities for epidemics of infectious disease, increasing the morbidity and mortality during CEs. Rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) capable of detecting these epidemics early and under harsh conditions can be useful tools for epidemic response teams in preventing and mitigating these epidemics, but little research has been done on their utility in CEs. This review examines commercially available RDTs for three epidemic-prone diseases of current global importance (cholera, dengue and Ebola) and evaluates their utility in CEs. Currently, there are promising RDTs that are commercially available or fast-tracked for development for these three diseases, but more research and development is needed to understand their implementation in CEs and improve their performance in low-resource settings. Finally, future research should also focus on creating testing algorithms to guide the use of dengue and Ebola RDTs for epidemic detection during CEs, similar to what exists for cholera.

Table of Contents

Chapter 1: Introduction……………………………………………………….1

1.1 Background and Significance………………………………………...….2

1.2 Statement of the Problem…………………………………...…………..9

1.3 Statement of Purpose……………………………………………………..9

1.4 Research Objectives…………………………………………………….....9

Chapter 2: Methods…………………………………………………………….10

Chapter 3: Results………………………………………………………………19

3.1 Cholera……………………...………………………………………….......20

3.2 Dengue……………………………………………………………...….......23

3.3 Ebola virus disease………………………………………………….........31

Chapter 4: Discussion and Conclusion………………………………….…33

4.1 Discussion…………………………………………………………….........33

4.2 Conclusion…………………………………………………………….........42

References………………………………………………………………………...42

Appendix A………………………………………………………………………..47

About this Master's Thesis

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School	Rollins School of Public Health
Department	Hubert Department of Global Health
Degree	MPH
Submission	Master's Thesis
Language	English
Research Field	Health Sciences, Public Health
Palabra Clave	Complex Emergencies CEs Rapid Diagnostic Tests Surveillance Cholera Dengue RDTs Ebola
Committee Chair / Thesis Advisor	Cookson, Susan T, CDC Brachman, Philip S, Emory University
Partnering Agencies	Emory University schools, faculty or affiliated programs CDC

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