Diagnosis of Schistosomiasis in Nubian Mummies Pubblico
Olivier, Hillary Margaret (2010)
Abstract
Abstract
Diagnosis of Schistosomiasis in Nubian Mummies
By Hillary M. Olivier
Analysis of preserved soft tissue from naturally desiccated mummies
has proven to be
useful in understanding the emergence and development of diseases
that continue to
impact contemporary populations. In order to develop a better
understanding of the
relative sensitivity of tests conducted on these tissue types, we
have tested a series of
matched skin tissue and cranial contents samples from the NAX group
(350-550 CE)
cemetery population from Wadi Halfa in ancient Nubia. Each sample
was homogenized,
dialyzed, and lyophilized, and an enzyme linked immunosorbant assay
(ELISA) was
performed to diagnose Schistosoma mansoni infection and
antigen concentration present
in tissue samples. Antigen concentrations found in matched tissues
were analyzed to
determine the relationship between antigen levels detected in these
types of dessicated
tissue. Physiological and taphonomic causal mechanisms for
variation between them is
examined. A general model for the relative prevalence of infections
tested in these tissue
types will be developed. Further study with a larger data set may
lead to conclusions
about minimum antigen concentrations detectable in preserved
samples as well as the
aplicability of the relative prevalence figures presented here for
other diseases.
Table of Contents
Table of Contents
Introduction............................................................................................................1
Background.............................................................................................................2
Materials &
Methods..............................................................................................14
Results..................................................................................................................17
Discussion &
Analysis..............................................................................................21
Conclusions............................................................................................................27
Literature
Cited......................................................................................................28
Figures
Figure 1- S. mansoni Life
Cycle.................................................................................4
Figure 2- Mean Value of the Standard Curve Concentrations for
ELISA.......................17
Tables
Table 1- ELISA plate
diagram...................................................................................15
Table 2- Table Standard Curve Values from
ELISA....................................................18
Table 3- Raw values, concentrations, mean concentrations, standard
deviations,
confidence and overall results for individual samples from
ELISA................................19
Table 4- Comparison of Skin and Crania Assay
Results.............................................22
Table 5- Distribution and Results from Alvrus 2006, including mean
sample sizes.......24
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