The Relationship Between Energy Burden and Cardiovascular Disease Mortality in Georgia between 2018 and 2020 Pubblico
Kendrick, D'Anndria (Spring 2023)
Abstract
Background: As progressively extreme temperatures become more common in our society, the use of energy to counteract the weather with either heating or cooling appliances increases, leading to an increase in energy costs annually(EPA,2021). Energy poverty, also known as energy burden (EB), is a measure of a household’s overall energy costs, that mostly affects low-income individuals. It is estimated that the national estimate for energy burden is about 9% for low-income families, while non-low-income families average about 3%, suggesting that low-income families pay more for energy annually than middle and high-income families. With fewer financial opportunities for nutrition and medication, the energy burden leaves families more susceptible to developing chronic diseases over time. Methods: Current literature mentions covariates related to Energy Burden that are also associated with Cardiovascular disease. These literatures were used to create a Direct Acyclic Graph to conceptualize the ideas and determine potential variables to include in the linear regression model. Data collected from the Center for Disease Control and Prevention and The Department of Energy were collected and merged. Linear regression analyses were conducted to determine the significance with potential confounders, then stratified by gender to compare the results. Results: The results of the study are statistically null and the strong association among the women’s results should be explored further with more sufficient statistical power. Conclusion: Although the results of the analyses display an interesting relationship between Cardiovascular Mortality and Energy Burden among women, research on the association should be further explored with more integrated variables to establish more substantial, statistically significant results.
Table of Contents
Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION………………………………………………………………………………1
Background and Introducing the Problem………………………………………………………1
Efforts to Address and Improve the Energy Burden Issue……………………………………..3
Purpose of Project……………………………………………………………………………….5
METHODS…………………………………………………………………………………….7
Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG)...................................................................................................7
Data Collection…………………………………………………………………………………11
Additional Covariates of Consideration………………………………………………………..12
Specifying the Data Sources…………………………………………………………………..14
Epidemiological Analysis………………………………………………………………………18
Correlation Matrices …………………………………………………………………………….20
Epidemiologic Models Considered………………………………………………………………22
RESULTS……………………………………………………………………………………….24
Summary………………………………………………………………………………………..24
Logistic Regression Analysis Plots………………………………………………………………24
DISCUSSION……………………………………………………………………………………35
Summary and Results……………………………………………………………………………35
Strengths and Limitations………………………………………………………………………..36
REFERENCES…………………………………………………………………………………..39
APPENDICES…………………………………………………………………………………..42
Appendix A: Abbreviations…………………………………………………………….42
Appendix B: R Studio Code ……………………………………………………………43
Appendix C: DAGitty Code…………………………………………………………….52
About this Master's Thesis
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