Interaction and Imitation: Chimú Art after the Conquest by the Inka Empire, 1460-1534 Open Access
Siegler, Jennifer Evelyn (2015)
Abstract
Between 1428 and 1534 CE the Inka conquered the world's largest territory controlled by a single state (5,500 km). The conquest of their main rivals, the Chimú, c. 1460 brought 1,300 km of coastline into the Inka empire. This dissertation provides the first in-depth analysis of Chimú-Inka ceramics. I frame Chimú-Inka ceramics in a comparative approach with Chimú and Inka precedents, tracking these changes in four specific forms: double-to-single spout vessels, urpus, urpu-like vessels, and coquero vessels. Through a comparative analysis of the technological, proportional, and iconographical elements of Chimú-Inka vessels, I argue that the unique blend that emerged from ceramic artists working creatively to balance their North Coast tradition with that of their highland conquerors during this tumultuous period. The distinguishing features of this period were created as a mutually beneficial compromise between the local lords of the North Coast and the Inka regime.
Table of Contents
Chapter 1. Introduction 1
Study Methodology 14
Selection Criteria 14
Measurement 15
Statistics 16
Iconography 16
Description of the Chapters 18
Chapter 2. Double-to-Single Spout Vessels: The Continuation of a Chimú Form 22
Description of the Sample 22
Development of the Form 24
Technological Style 29
Manufacture 31
Molds 31
Pedestal 33
Surface Treatment 35
Stamped Elements 37
Proportional Analysis 37
General Size 37
Rim Diameter 38
Double-to-Single Spout 39
Iconographic Analysis 42
Fauna Motif Vessels 44
Camelids 45
Hairless Doges 48
Felines 52
Maritime Motif Vessel 54
Fish 55
Birds 58
Spondylus 60
Wave Theme 63
Boats 63
Flora Motif Vessels 66
Squash 67
Maize 70
Pepinos 73
Pacae/Anadenanthera 76
Geometric Motif Vessels 80
Plain Motif Vessels 82
Human Motif Vessels 83
Mace Head Motif Vessels 85
Adornos 87
Conclusion 89
Chapter 3. Urpus: The Introduction of an Inka Form on the North Coast 90
Description of the Sample 90
Development of the Form 92
Technological Style Analysis 93
Manufacture 93
Coil Method 93
Mold Method 95
Hand Modeling 97
Surface Treatment 101
Inka Surface Techniques 102
Chimú-Inka Surface Techniques 102
Proportional Analysis 105
General Size 105
Rim Diameter 107
Iconographic Analysis 109
Inka Iconography 112
Inka Plain Vessels 113
Inka Geometric Vessels 114
Horizontal Bands 115
Vertical Bands 118
Inka Flora Vessels 119
Chimú-Inka Iconography 121
Chimú-Inka Plain Vessels 122
Chimú-Inka Geometric Vessels 122
Horizontal Bands 123
Vertical Bands 128
Chimú-Inka Human Vessels 130
Face-neck 130
Full Figures 133
Chimú-Inka Marine Vessels 136
Chimú-Inka Fauna Vessels 138
Snakes 138
Lizards 141
Caiman 146
Chimú-Inka Flora Vessels 147
Anadenanthera 147
Squash 151
Conclusion 152
Chapter 4. Urpu-like Vessels: Adapting an Inka Form 153
Elongated Urpus 154
Description of the Sample 154
Development of the Form 154
Technological Style Analysis 155
Manufacture 155
Surface Treatment 155
Proportional Analysis 155
Iconographic Analysis 156
Fauna 156
Flora 162
Potatoes 162
Maize 164
Plain 167
Urpu-Pacchas 168
Description of the Sample 168
Development of the Form 169
Technological Style Analysis 171
Manufacture 171
Surface Treatment 172
Proportional Analysis 173
Iconographic Analysis 173
Geometric Vessels 173
Horizontal Bands 174
Vertical Bands 175
Flora 177
Squash 177
Anadenanthera 178
Fauna 179
Human 184
Face-neck 184
Urpus with Handle Variations 187
Description of the Sample 187
Development of the Form 188
Technological Style Analysis 188
Manufacture 188
Surface treatment 189
Proportional Analysis 190
Iconographic Analysis 190
Plain 190
Human 192
Bird 197
Flat-Bottomed Urpus 199
Description of the Sample 199
Development of the Form 200
Technological Style Analysis 201
Manufacture 201
Surface Treatment 201
Proportional Analysis 202
Iconographic Analysis 202
Plain 202
Geometric 203
Human 205
Conclusion 207
Chapter 5. Coquero Vessels: The Revival of a Form 209
Description of the Sample 210
Iconographic Identification 210
Coca Use in the Andes 211
Moche Coca Iconography 216
Chimú Coca Iconography 218
Inka Coca Iconography 218
Colonial Coca 220
Chimú-Inka Coqueros 221
Coca Quid 221 Facial Features 223
Earspools 228
Headband 229
Túcume Coqueros 232
Technological Analysis 239
Manufacture 239
Surface Treatment 241
Proportional Analysis 241
Conclusion 242
Chapter 6. Conclusion 243
Works Cited 253
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