The Effects of Using Video Advance Organizers on ListeningPerformance and the Learning of Culture in the Elementary ForeignLanguage Classroom Open Access

Abstract

Abstract The Effects of Using Video Advance Organizers on Listening Performance and the Learning of Culture in the Elementary Foreign Language Classroom By Kelly Frances Davidson Given the emphasis on the use of technology in the classroom and the increase in availability of technological resources, the question of how to best implement technology in the communicative foreign language (FL) classroom is a focus of professional discussions. Although the use of authentic materials has been established as an effective teaching practice, questions remain on how to use these materials. Advance organizers (AOs), or introductory devices that activate a learner's prior knowledge relating to the context at hand, could be useful in preparing FL students to view video. Videos can aid learners in developing listening performance and retention of cultural information, providing multi-modal input to illustrate authentic communication. This study examined a strategy for introducing French video in the elementary-level college classroom. An equivalent time samples design was used to investigate the use of a thematically related video clip taken from Francophone television to introduce a longer curriculum video. Through the use of quizzes, questionnaires, and interviews, the study determined whether or not the use of a video AO benefited students in listening performance and the retention of cultural information. The study also investigated student perceptions regarding the use of video AOs. Findings indicated that there were no statistically significant differences for listening performance or for cultural learning for students who viewed the video AO and those who did not. Analyses of student perceptions revealed that preferences for either condition were linked to perceptions of increased interest and the helpfulness or difficulty of the AOs, as well as possible cognitive overload.

Table of Contents

Table of Contents Chapter I: Introduction.........................................................................................................1 Definition of Terms..................................................................................................2 Theoretical Framework............................................................................................3 Statement of the Problem.........................................................................................4 Purpose of the Study................................................................................................5 Chapter II: Review of Literature and Research Questions..................................................7 Review of Literature................................................................................................7 Chapter III: Methodology and Procedures.........................................................................34 Mixed Methodology...............................................................................................34 Overview.................................................................................................34 Methodological Framework....................................................................35 Strategies for Inquiry..............................................................................37 Instruments.............................................................................................................38 Measurements........................................................................................................41 Consent Procedures and Confidentiality....................................................45 General Classroom Procedures..............................................................................45 Quantitative Data Analysis....................................................................................48 Tests of Research Questions......................................................................49 Qualitative Data Analysis......................................................................................49 Data Source.............................................................................................50 Open-ended Questions...............................................................50 Oral Interviews..........................................................................51

Reliability and Validity...........................................................................55 Triangulation.............................................................................56 Audit Trail.................................................................................56 Researcher Bias.........................................................................57 Chapter IV: Results............................................................................................................60 Quantitative Data Interpretation...........................................................................60 Preliminary Quantitative Analyses: Participants....................................60 Preliminary Quantitative Analyses: Pretests...........................................61 Preliminary Quantitative Analyses: Instruments....................................62 Tests of Research Questions...................................................................63 Question 1: Analyses for immediate testing of listening performance for FiA videos...................................63 Question 2: Analyses for immediate testing of retention of cultural knowledge for FiA videos.........................64 Questions 3 & 4: Student perceptions and preferences regarding the use of a video AO on overall listening performance and retention of cultural information ...................................................65 Qualitative Data Interpretation..............................................................................71 Participant Perceptions Questionnaires...................................................71 Preference..................................................................................72 Connections...............................................................................74 Listening Performance Effects..................................................75

Cultural Learning Effects..........................................................79 Guiding Questions.....................................................................81 Technology Effects....................................................................84 Interviews................................................................................................86 Preference..................................................................................88 Listening Performance Effects..................................................88 Cultural Information Effects......................................................90 Guiding Questions Benefits.......................................................96 Benefits of Technology.............................................................98 Difficulties/Possible Improvements........................................102 Chapter V: Discussion and Conclusion...........................................................................109 Limitations...........................................................................................................109 Analysis of Results..............................................................................................112 Research questions 1 & 2......................................................................112 Research questions 3 & 4......................................................................116 Significance...........................................................................................128 References........................................................................................................................131 Appendix A: Background Questionnaire.........................................................................140 Appendix B: Pretest for Listening Performance Skills....................................................143 Appendix C: Pretest for Cultural Knowledge..................................................................146 Appendix D: Weekly Immediate FiA Test Items............................................................155 Appendix E: Participant Perceptions Questionnaire........................................................185 Appendix F: Participant Perceptions Interview Questions..............................................190

Appendix G: Informed Consent Form (Student Participants) ........................................191 Appendix H: Weekly Guiding Questions to the Television AO Clips............................194 Appendix I: Participant Perceptions Questionnaire Coding Definitions and Examples Sheet............................................................................................................214 Appendix J: Interview Transcripts...................................................................................221 Appendix K: Interview Coding Definitions and Examples Sheet...................................248 Table 1: List of Targeted Videos and Counterbalanced Design......................................254 Table 2: Sample Student Characteristics by Class...........................................................255 Table 3: One-Way ANOVA Results for Listening Performance Pretest........................256 Table 4: One-Way ANOVA Results for Cultural Knowledge Pretest............................257 Table 5: Inter-item and Test Reliability, Lesson 19........................................................258 Table 6: Inter-item and Test Reliability, Lesson 22........................................................259 Table 7: Inter-item and Test Reliability, Lesson 23........................................................260 Table 8: Inter-item and Test Reliability, Lesson 24........................................................261 Table 9: Inter-item and Test Reliability, Lesson 25........................................................262 Table 10: Inter-item and Test Reliability, Lesson 26......................................................263 Table 11: Inter-item and Test Reliability, Lesson 27......................................................264 Table 12: Inter-item and Test Reliability, Lesson 28......................................................265 Table 13: Inter-item and Test Reliability, Lesson 29......................................................266 Table 14: Inter-item and Test Reliability, Lesson 30......................................................267 Table 15: Paired t Test Results for Immediate Quizzes--Listening Performance..........268 Table 16: Paired t Test Results for Immediate Quizzes--Retention of Cultural Knowledge.......................................................................................................269

Figure 1: Sequential Explanatory (Quantitative Dominant) Design................................270

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School	Laney Graduate School
Department	French
Degree	PhD
Submission	Dissertation
Language	English
Research Field	Language, Modern Education, Bilingual and Multicultural Education, Language and Literature
Keyword	Equivalent Time Samples Design Within Subjects Design Cultural Learning Advance Organizer Listening Performance Authentic Material Foreign Language Video
Committee Chair / Thesis Advisor	Lustig, Carol, Emory University
Committee Members	Engelhard, George, Emory University Jensen, Robert J, Emory University

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