Youth Knowledge and Practices towards Noncommunicable Disease Risk Factors in Pohnpei, Federated States of Micronesia 公开
Mathur, Anupama (2011)
Abstract
Background: The Federated States of Micronesia (FSM) is a
lower middle income
country in the Western Pacific Region that suffers from a high
burden of
noncommunicable diseases (NCD). Pohnpei state has a high prevalence
of diabetes
among its adult population. NCDs such as Type 2 diabetes occur in
children and appear
to have their origins in early life. Limited data is available on
youth knowledge, attitudes
and practices regarding modifiable risk factors for NCDs in the
FSM.
Objective: To identify gender differences among Pohnpeian
youth ages 10-24 years in
knowledge and practices relating to two modifiable NCD risk
factors, namely physical
inactivity and poor nutritional intake.
Methods: A seven-page survey consisting of 19 NCD risk
factor questions was pilot
tested and conducted among a convenience sample over the course of
five weeks. Data
were analyzed using SAS statistical software version 9.2.
Results: High proportions of both males and females
practiced traditional physical
activity, physical activity in their leisure time, and participated
in at least one school
sponsored physical activity in the previous school year. However,
the percentages of
daily vigorous physical activity, a component of total daily
physical activity, were low
for both males and females. Low proportions of males and females
reported daily intakes
of fruits and vegetables with significantly less females reporting
daily vegetable intake
than males. A majority of youth attained their knowledge of
physical activity and health
practices from school.
Discussion: Two studies in the last decade reported on youth
health behaviors in
Pohnpei. This study contributes to the literature by providing
knowledge on youth
practices, including various types of physical activity, towards
two NCD risk factors with
a focus on gender. No significant gender differences were found in
leisure time and
school-sponsored physical activity practices. Significantly more
males than females
practiced traditional physical activity. Female health practices
put females at increased
risk for NCDs more so than males since significantly fewer females
consumed vegetables
daily than males and, although not significant, fewer females met
vigorous physical
activity recommendations than males. Results suggest that a
majority of youth are
physically inactive and have poor nutritional intakes.
Table of Contents
Table of Contents
Acknowledgements
..............................................................................................................
i
Table of Contents
................................................................................................................
ii
Chapter 1: Introduction
.......................................................................................................
1
Overview
.........................................................................................................................
1
Research Question
...........................................................................................................
4
Chapter 2: Literature Review
..............................................................................................
6
The Federated States of Micronesia
................................................................................
6
Noncommunicable Diseases
.........................................................................................
10
Physical Activity
...........................................................................................................
21
Nutrition
........................................................................................................................
25
Chapter 3: Research
Methodology....................................................................................
29
Study Background
.........................................................................................................
29
Population......................................................................................................................
30
Research Design
............................................................................................................
32
Survey Development
.....................................................................................................
33
Research Procedure
.......................................................................................................
36
Data Management
.........................................................................................................
38
Data Analysis
................................................................................................................
39
Chapter 4: Results
.............................................................................................................
41
Demographic Characteristics
........................................................................................
41
Youth Physical Activity Practices
.................................................................................
43
Youth Physical Activity Knowledge
.............................................................................
46
Youth Nutritional Intake
...............................................................................................
48
Other Findings
...............................................................................................................
50
Chapter 5: Discussion, Conclusions
and Recommendations ............................................
54
Discussion
.....................................................................................................................
54
Limitations
....................................................................................................................
57
Conclusions
...................................................................................................................
58
Recommendations
.........................................................................................................
61
References
.........................................................................................................................
63
Appendix I-Survey
Tool.................................................................................................
66
Appendix II-Survey Information and
Verbal Consent ...................................................
73
Appendix III-Variables from Survey
.............................................................................
74
Appendix IV-Chapter 4 Results Tables
.........................................................................
77
Appendix V-Additional Data Analysis:
Food Frequency Question............................... 83
Appendix VI-Terminology
...........................................................................................
100
About this Master's Thesis
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