COVID-19 Impact on Event-based Public Health Surveillance, Thailand, 2019 – 2021 Pubblico
Pisitpayat, Nichakul (Spring 2022)
Abstract
Introduction
Thailand established event-based (EBS) public health surveillance (PHS) to support indicator-based PHS as the foundation of a national effort, with the goal of contributing to the early detection and response to acute public health events. As a result of the COVID-19 epidemic, other infectious disease PHS was disrupted. This study examined EBS from Thailand's Department of Disease Control (DDC) to evaluate the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods
The EBS database of the Thai DDC from Jan 1, 2019 to Dec 31, 2021 was analyzed. I manually reviewed each event to identify specific diseases and arrange them in the appropriate disease category. Then, I determined the percentage change of each pairwise comparison (2019 vs 2020, 2019 vs 2021, and 2020 vs 2021) as well as selected several diseases that would most likely be affected by COVID-19 to determine the reported change during 2019 – 2021.
Results
During the pandemic, there were 44% fewer events reported in 2020 and 34% fewer events reported in 2021 to the EBS of the Thai DDC than before the pandemic (2019). Most disease categories experienced a decline in notification in 2020, except for injury, which increased due to a flood. Comparing 2019 to 2021, there was a 36% increase in vaccine-preventable diseases and 28% increase in others. Specifically, adverse effects following immunization and cardiovascular diseases were reported in greater numbers linked to the COVID-19 vaccination campaign, which began in 2021.
Discussion
The COVID-19 pandemic had an impact on other diseases reported to EBS of Thailand. The EBS platform should be modified to reduce redundant work and enhance its capacity to reflect the real disease occurrence. Further studies should explore the association between each region health authority and the number of event reports. This may aid in determining the most affected area from the pandemic that may require support.
Table of Contents
Chapter 1: Introduction 1
A. Background 1
B. Problem statement 3
C. Purpose statement 4
D. Research question and hypothesis 4
E. Significance 4
Chapter 2: Literature Review 6
Public health surveillance in Thailand 6
Establishing event-based public health surveillance reporting system in Thailand 7
COVID-19 emerging in Thailand and its impacts on public health 10
Related studies 11
Chapter 3: Manuscript 18
Introduction 18
Methods 19
Results 20
Discussion 33
Chapter 4: Recommendations 36
List of Figures
Figure 1. Event-based Public Health Surveillance Reporting System, Thailand, 2014 – 2021 9
Figure 2. Overall Number of Events Reported of Event-based Public Health Surveillance, Thailand, 2019 – 2021 20
Figure 3. Percentage Change of Event Reported of Event-based Public Health Surveillance, Pair-wise Comparison, Thailand, 2019 – 2021 26
List of Tables
Table 1. Percentage Error of Disease Reporting By Category of Event-based Public Health Surveillance, Thailand, 2019 – 2021 22
Table 2. Percentage Change of Event Reporting By Diseases of Event-based Public Health Surveillance, Thailand, 2019 – 2021 29
References 38
About this Master's Thesis
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