Exploring Discussions and Communication About Organ Donation Among Minority Family Members Público
Davis, Mary (2016)
Published
Abstract
Problem/Background: Organ transplantation for patients with end-stage organ failure is a medical procedure that replaces failing organs with healthier organs. Preceding the technique of organ transplantation, organ failure patients had very few choices for treatment. Voluntary altruistic acts of organ donors are the source for most organs recovered for transplant. Failure in family discussion of death planning has contributed to many lost opportunities at saving lives that can only be achieved by donor or family consent. This lack of discussion among minority family members of potential organ donors has created major barriers regarding organ donation. Consequently, the growing shortage of organs has resulted in 22 people per day dying in the United States while waiting for organ transplants.
Key Aims: The purpose of this study was to use secondary data to explore how individuals develop willingness and attitudes to become organ donors. Secondly, how do these individuals overcome barriers and feel comfortable enough to register for organ donation. Lastly, this study explored the various ways families acquire the willingness to register through healthy conversations that promote organ donation.
Methods: A total of 85 peer reviewed articles with 12 core articles regarding the subject of communication and discussion were included in this systematic literature review. The aim of this study was to explore willingness and attitudes toward communication and discussion between family members regarding organ donation among minority populations.
Conclusion: The connection between attitude, willingness, awareness and knowledge were very important in bringing individuals from stages of negativity toward points of willingness to be organ donors. It also showed how critical educational interventions are to overcoming this critical issue. Revisiting all barriers and creating more interventions and in-depth educational programs is necessary for minority families to understand the effects of behaviors and attitudes toward organ donation.
Table of Contents
Chapter 1 - Introduction 1
Background 1
Link between Family Communication and the Organ Shortage 3
Determinants of Organ Failure in Minority Populations 3
Theoretical Framework - The Organ Donation Model (ODM) 4
Purpose Statement 5
Research Questions 6
Significance Statement 6
Definition of Terms 8
Acronyms 10
Barriers to Organ Donation 11
Lack of Knowledge about Organ Transplant and Donation 12
Misconceptions about the integrity of the body 14
Religion 18
Barriers to Family Donation 19
Lack of Communication Between Family Members 20
Awareness of Organ Donation 21
Donors expressed wish not to donate 21
Factors influencing Family Decisions to Designate for Organ Donation 22
Primary Factors Important to Designation of Organ Donation 23
Families understanding brain death 23
Socioemotional and communication process variables 25
Organ Procurement Organization Request Related Variables 26
Timing of Request 26
Family Discussion 27
Donor Authorization (First Person Consent) 27
Ethics in Organ Donation 30
Organ Donation Education 32
Chapter 3 - Methodology 34
Data Sources 34
Variables 34
Chapter 4 - Results 36
Study Selection 36
Themes and Findings 37
Sociodemographics of Organ Donation 40
Support for Organ Donation 41
Social Influence 46
Attitude and Willingness to Donate 47
Prior Exposure to Organ Donation 49
Education Programs 51
Communication and Discussion Amongst Family / Next of Kin 57
Summary 59
Chapter 5 - Discussion 61
Introduction 61
Key Study Findings 61
Limitations 65
Implications 66
Recommendations 67
Research 67
Education 67
Conclusion 68
Appendix A. First Person Consent and Education by State 70
Appendix B. Family Communication Protocol 71
Appendix C. Population Distribution by State/Ethnicity/Waiting List 72
References 73
LIST OF TABLES Table 1. United States Waiting List for Solid Organs 2
Table 2. Attitudes and Behaviors Toward Organ Donation 38
Table 3. Demographics of Organ Donation 41
Table 4. Desire to Have One's Organs Donated After Death, 2012 42
Table 5. Concern Given to OPO for Families Who Refused Donation 45
Table 6. Trust Among U.S. Non-Designators of Deceased Organ Donation: Overall and by Race/Ethnicity 46
Table 7. Organ Donation, Family Willingness and Discussion 49
Table 8. Overview of Education Studies 54
Table 9. Disclosure Preferences (Personal & Public) 58
Table 10. Overview of African American Consent and Non Consent 59
TABLE OF FIGURES Figure 1. The Organ Donation Model 5
Figure 2. Systematic Review Study Selection 35
About this Master's Thesis
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