Abstract
This study complicates one part of the scholarly legend that
Gottlob Christian Storr
infused the Kantian letter with an Orthodox spirit. In
§§17-18 of his DC, Storr positions
Immanuel Kant's physico-theological and moral arguments for
rational belief in God
within an argument for the divine authority of Scripture--on
which he suggests the
reliability of the book's dogmatic statements rest. By
foregrounding some versions of
Kant's arguments (while hiding others) and by illegitimately
drawing biblical-theological
conclusions from transcendental and limited-speculative
premises, the scholarly story
goes, Storr made it seem as if Lutheran Orthodoxy follows from
Kant's arguments for
rational belief in God. I argue rather that Storr put Kant's
arguments in the mouth of
reason--construed as a figure in a traditional Lutheran story
of transformation. In this
story--told from a post-transformation perspective--reason's
awareness of God is both
transformed by an encounter with Word and it is a placeholder
that makes a comparison
between ‘pre' and ‘post'
transformation visible. In this encounter with Word, reason
comes to trust that the God who is able to help is also
willing to help, and to trust that the
God who reveals his willingness to help is also the divine
Author of Scripture. Because
Kant's arguments--on Kant's own terms--concern only reason's
Because Kant's
arguments--on Kant's own terms--concern only reason's rational
belief in a God who is
able to see the secrets of our hearts and are cognitive
symbolic, Storr is able (while
keeping within the bounds of the Lutheran dogmatics genre) to
(re)present them as
symbolic summaries of Scripture (i.e., as dogmatic statements)
that harmonize neatly
with reason's self-understanding. Storr does not cherry-pick
the Kantian words that
support his cause, but exploits the compatibility of Kant's
heuristic language with the
Lutheran heuristic. And he does not cast methodological rigor
aside so much as he
incorporates Kant's arguments into a Lutheran rule for
hierarchically combining humanrelative
modes of argumentation and measures of reliability with divine
or Scripturerelative
modes and measures. While he owes much to sixteenth-century
thinking, Storr
answers a pressing question of the late eighteenth-century:
how to reliably bring together
multiple modes of argumentation and measures of
reliability.
Table of Contents
Table of Contents
Introduction
..............................................................................................................................
1
A Scholarly Commonplace
..............................................................................................................
2
An Alternate Approach to the Commonplace
......................................................................................
7
A Concrete Example
.......................................................................................................................
18
Spirit/Letter, Storr's Methodological Rigor, and the Place of
Kant's Arguments in His
Case for the Divine Authority of Scripture
........................................................................................
29
Defensible Methods, Compelling Evidence, and Yet Still
Illegitimate .......................... 32
An Unholy Amalgam?
....................................................................................................................
35
Scripture and Reliability
............................................................................................................................
36
Citation-Annotations
...................................................................................................................................
39
Thematic Tensions, Methodology, Standpoint
.....................................................................
40
Order of Argument
.........................................................................................................................
45
Order of Exposition
.......................................................................................................................
46
A Note on Kant's Arguments for God
.......................................................................................
50
Chapter 1: Storr's Case for the Divine Authority of Scripture
in its Lutheran
Theological Context
..............................................................................................................
55
Introduction
.....................................................................................................................................
55
Storr's Dogmatics: Textbook and Task
................................................................................................
55
Storr's Argument for the Divine Authority of Scripture
..............................................................
57
Scripture on Scripture
..................................................................................................................
60
Figurative Rule for Scripture on Scripture Given Immediately
and in Conjunction with
Verbal Revelation
.........................................................................................................................................
63
Divine Word Reconfigures Figurative Rule for Reading Scripture
......................................... 66
Rule of Configuration is Given Immediately
.....................................................................................
74
Rule of Configuration as a Rule for Distinguishing Read In and
Human from Read
Out and Divine
.................................................................................................................................
78
The Analogy of Faith
...................................................................................................................................
79
Accommodationism
.....................................................................................................................................
90
Human Self-knowledge and Knowledge of God
...................................................................
99
Storr's Missing Premise
..............................................................................................................
101
Conclusion
......................................................................................................................................
105
Chapter 2
...............................................................................................................................
107
Introduction
...................................................................................................................................
107
Teaching What Cannot Be Taught
..........................................................................................
108
Citations, Annotations, and Citation-Annotations
............................................................
114
Stipulations
..................................................................................................................................................
114
Storr's Citation-Annotations
.....................................................................................................
116
Citation-Annotations Organize
............................................................................................................
116
Citation-Annotations Display Sources and Justifications
......................................................... 118
Citation-Annotations and Document Comparison
............................................................
123
Three-Document Comparison
..............................................................................................................
126
Problems with Scope and Hierarchy
.................................................................................................
134
Biblical Citation-Annotations in the Lutheran Tradition
............................................... 146
Aside: Versification
...................................................................................................................................
155
Storr's Groups of Biblical Citations
....................................................................................................
164
The Loci Method
...........................................................................................................................
173
From Grammar to Scripture on Scripture
......................................................................................
174
From Scripture on Scripture to Dogma
............................................................................................
175
Human-Built Wholes May Have Rational Justifications
............................................................
179
Relationships between Multiple Modes of Argumentation
........................................... 187
Citation-Annotations in Bayle's Dictionary
....................................................................................
187
Citation-Annotations and Haug's Mysticism
..................................................................................
190
Kant's Arguments at/as the Hinge Between Reason and Biblical
Theology ............ 193
The God of Kant's Arguments is Able to Do What Humans Cannot
..................................... 195
The God of Kant's Arguments is a Symbolic Expression
..........................................................
204
Conclusion
......................................................................................................................................
206
Chapter 3
...............................................................................................................................
207
Introduction
...................................................................................................................................
207
The Lutheran Trope of History
................................................................................................
210
Lutheran Trope of History is Trope of Supersession
....................................................... 218
Kant's Arguments in the Lutheran Trope of History
........................................................ 220
Luther is the Historical-Linguistic Source of the Lutheran
Trope of History .......... 223
Lutheran Trope of History and the University Faculties
................................................ 224
The Resulting Paradox
............................................................................................................................
228
Two Measures of Reliability, Two Claims to Universality
.............................................. 239
"Kant's Own Terms"
.....................................................................................................................
242
Conclusion
......................................................................................................................................
247
Conclusion
............................................................................................................................
266
Restatement of the Argument
..................................................................................................
266
Connections: Conversation and Further Development
................................................... 270
Appendix 1: Paul and the Argument for Universal Reach
.................................... 274
Paul
...................................................................................................................................................
274
Am I Not an Apostle?
...................................................................................................................
287
Universal Reach
............................................................................................................................
288
Index of Figures
..................................................................................................................
293
Works Cited
..........................................................................................................................
294
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