Examining the Effect of Fertility, Achievement of Ideal Family Size, Unmet Need, and Modern Contraceptive Use on Women's Empowerment in Minya, Egypt Public

Abstract

Objective: This research utilizes longitudinal data to assess the association between fertility control and women's empowerment.

Sample: 575 women from Minya, Egypt who participated in the 2005 Egypt Demographic and Health Survey and a follow-up study in 2012.

Methods: Five separate multivariable logistic regression models explored the relationship between fertility, achievement of ideal family size, unmet need for contraception and modern contraceptive use with agency outcomes across five domains.

Results: Total fertility was not associated with women's agency. Unmet need for contraception was associated with lower odds of agency in the childcare decision-making domain (OR: 0.60, 95% CI: 0.38-0.95). Ever use of modern contraception was associated with higher odds of freedom of movement (OR: 1.89, 95% CI: 1.12-3.18).

Conclusion: There is some evidence to support an association between contraceptive use and women's agency. Future research should further explore the temporal relationship between measures for fertility control and women's empowerment.

Table of Contents

Chapter 1: Literature Review 1

Introduction 2

Empowerment 2

Theory 3

Dimensions of Empowerment 5

Relationship Between Fertility Control and Empowerment 11

Theoretical Pathways 11

Empirical Evidence 12

The Egyptian Context 18

Research Gaps 20

Conceptual Framework 21

Chapter 2: Manuscript 22

Introduction 23

Women's Empowerment 23

Relationship Between Fertility Control and Empowerment 28

Empirical Evidence 29

Conceptual Framework 32

Gaps in Research 33

Hypotheses 33

Methods 34

The Egyptian Context 34

Study Setting 35

Sample 35

Variables 36

Statistical Analyses 41

Results 42

Sample Characteristics 42

Results from Logistic Regression 43

Discussion 46

Strengths and Limitations 50

Implications for Research and Policy 51

Conclusion 52

Tables and Figures 53

Chapter 3: Research Implications 61

Discussion 62

Strengths and Limitations 66

Implications for Research and Policy 68

Conclusion 69

References 70

About this Master's Thesis

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School	Rollins School of Public Health
Department	Epidemiology
Subfield / Discipline	Global Epidemiology - MPH & MSPH
Degree	MPH
Submission	Master's Thesis
Language	English
Research Field	Health Sciences, Public Health Women's Studies Health Sciences, Epidemiology
Mot-clé	contraceptive use fertility ideal family size contraception women's agency women's empowerment Egypt unmet need
Committee Chair / Thesis Advisor	Rochat, Roger, Emory University
Committee Members	Yount, Kathryn, Emory University

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