Estimation of per capita cereal grain consumption among four different population groups in Kenya and Bangladesh Public
Wang, Meng (Spring 2021)
Published
Abstract
Background and objective: Fortification of grains including wheat flour (WF), maize flour (MF) and rice (R), can reduce micronutrient deficiencies. Accurate grain-consumption estimates ensure reliable fortification design and impact assessment. The objective was to compare multiple approaches for estimating grain consumption in Kenya and Bangladesh.
Methods: Analysis and comparison of three approaches per country: 1) Existing dietary/proxy databases, 2) Milling associations’ data on grains available for human consumption, and 3) FAO’s food balance sheet data.
Results: For Approach 1, three datasets were analyzed for Kenya (Kenya National Micronutrient Survey 2011, Kenya Hunger Safety Net Programme Survey 2016, GENuS 2011) and two for Bangladesh (Bangladesh Integrated Household Survey 2018-19, GENuS 2011).
For example, for KNMS, the average (SD) consumption of WF, MF and R was 56.7 (91.4), 167.6 (163) and 21.9 (63.5) grams/capita/day, respectively, while for BIHS, it was 28.2 (44.8), 0.2 (3.6) and 300.6 (226.8) g/c/d, respectively. In GENuS for Bangladesh, the median consumption was 35.7, 0.84, and 472.9 g/c/d for WF, MF and R, respectively.
Consumption was estimated for sub-groups. For example, for KNMS, the average (SD) consumption of WF, MF and R for pre-adolescents and adolescents was 75.2 (105), 219.7 (152.4), and 23.2 (93.2) g/c/d, respectively and for women, it was 71.4 (103), 180 (175.9), and 26.6 (66.4) g/c/d, respectively. From Approach 2, WF, MF and R available in Kenya in 2018 was 116.8, 245.7, and 58 g/c/d, respectively, while in Bangladesh from mid-2018 to mid-2019 it was 109 g/c/d (WF) and 599.8 g/c/d (R). In Approach 3, the 2018 supply of wheat and wheat products, maize and maize products, and rice and rice products in Kenya was 110, 206.5, and 60 g/c/d, respectively, and in Bangladesh was 51.2, 1.9, and 711.5 g/c/d, respectively.
Conclusion: In Kenya and Bangladesh, grain consumption estimates from dietary or comparable surveys were lower than those estimated from milling association availability figures and FAO food balance sheet information, with the exception of rice in Kenya. These data suggest that depending on the source of grain-intake information, the potential coverage, reach, and impact of fortified grains can vary.
Table of Contents
Chapter 1. Introduction and Literature Review ............................................................................... 1
Global Micronutrient Situation ...................................................................................................... 1
Food Fortification........................................................................................................................... 1
Fortification of Cereal Grains ........................................................................................................ 2
Cereal Grains in Kenya and Bangladesh........................................................................................ 2
Study Objectives ............................................................................................................................. 3
Chapter 2. Manuscript..................................................................................................................... 4
Abstract .......................................................................................................................................... 4 Introduction.................................................................................................................................... 5
Methods .......................................................................................................................................... 7
Results .......................................................................................................................................... 43
Discussion ..................................................................................................................................... 53
Conclusion .................................................................................................................................... 57 Acknowledgments........................................................................................................................... 58
Chapter 3 Public Health Implications and Future Directions ............................................................ 58
Public Health Implications ........................................................................................................... 58
Future Directions.......................................................................................................................... 60
Appendices ............................................................................................................................... 61
Reference ................................................................................................................................. 84
About this Master's Thesis
| School | |
|---|---|
| Department | |
| Degree | |
| Submission | |
| Language |
|
| Research Field | |
| Mot-clé | |
| Committee Chair / Thesis Advisor |
Primary PDF
| Thumbnail | Title | Date Uploaded | Actions |
|---|---|---|---|
|
|
Estimation of per capita cereal grain consumption among four different population groups in Kenya and Bangladesh () | 2021-05-03 09:46:48 -0400 |
|
Supplemental Files
| Thumbnail | Title | Date Uploaded | Actions |
|---|