"Who Can I Turn To?" The Impact of Familial and Non-Familial Forms of Social Support on the Sexual Health Knowledge, Sexual Attitudes and Sexual Behaviors of Adolescents that Access Sexually Explicit Media Pubblico
Robertson, Shani (2011)
Abstract
Abstract
"Who Can I Turn To?"
The Impact of Familial and Non-Familial Forms of Social Support on
the
Sexual Health Knowledge, Sexual Attitudes and Sexual Behaviors of
Adolescents that
Access Sexually Explicit Media
By Shani Robertson
Previous studies have confirmed the protective role of parental
support on adolescent sexual health, knowledge and behaviors. Not
all adolescents have positive parental support, and some may have
strong social support from other sources instead, such as a mentor.
Few studies have exclusively examined the protective nature of
these non-familial relationships on adolescent sexual health in
comparison to familial social support. Adolescents must navigate
through a sexualized media environment and, without adequate
guidance or sexual health education, they are likely to make poor
choices when engaging in sexual behavior. A secondary data analysis
was conducted on a national sample of 445 youth aged 14-18 (mean of
15 years; 79.5% White, 53.5% female) to examine the protective role
of familial and non-familial social support on the outcomes of
exposure to sexually explicit media, specifically on the sexual
health knowledge, sexual attitudes and sexual behaviors of
adolescents who access it. Independent samples t-test analyses
found that exposure to sexually explicit media is strongly
associated with behaviors such as 'hooking up', communicating with
a partner about sex, multiple oral sex and sex partners, and
increased lifetime prevalence of oral sex or sexual intercourse.
Exposure was found to be negatively associated with intention to
use condoms at next sex act. Linear regression analyses that
controlled for age and gender found that familial and non-familial
social support moderated the effect of exposure to sexually
explicit media on the likelihood of an adolescent having sex or
oral sex. Future studies should examine the
protective effect of individual non-familial relationships on
adolescents' sexual health in light of weaker parental
relations.
Table of Contents
Table of Contents
CHAPTER I: BACKGROUND AND SIGNIFICANCE ...........................
1
Purpose & Research Questions . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . 3
Theoretical Framework . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . 5
CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF
LITERATURE......................................... 9
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . 9
Prevalence of STDs among adolescents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . 10
Risk Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . .. . . 12
The Internet and adolescents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. .. . . . . . . 12
Exposure to sexual y explicit content on the Internet
and
sexual risk behaviors among adolescents . .
........................... . . . 13
Protective Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . 15
Knowledge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Social Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . 22
CHAPTER III: METHODOLOGY
................................................. 23
Tracking Teen Trends . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.. .. . . . . . 23
Thesis Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . 23
Sample Recruitment Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . 24
Measures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. .. . . . . . . . . 25
Dependent Variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . .. . . . . 25
Independent Variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . 32
CHAPTER 4: RESULTS
..............................................................
37
Sample Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . 38
Question One: The prevalence of exposure to sexual y explicit media
among the sample of
adolescents. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . 39
Research Question Two: How do adolescents who have some level of
exposure to sexual y explicit
material differ in sexual health knowledge, sexual attitudes,
sexual behaviors and social support from
adolescents who have no level of exposure to sexual y explicit
material... 40
Sexual Health Knowledge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . ..... . . . . . 40
Sexual Attitudes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....
. . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Sexual Behaviors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Social Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Research Question Three: The relation between sexual y explicit
media exposure and sexual attitudes,
sexual behavior and social support. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . 46
Sexual Attitudes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Sexual Behaviors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
Social Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Research Question Four: Does social support act as a moderator
between exposure to sexually
explicit material and sexual behavior . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . 52
Ef ects of Social Support at High and Low Levels . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . 53
CHAPTER V: DISCUSSION
..............................................................
56
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . .. . . . . . . . . . . 56
Strengths and Limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
REFERENCES
.................................................................................
67
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