Judgement and Procedure: Kant, Husserl, Lyotard, Derrida Open Access
Milne, Peter William (2009)
Published
Abstract
Abstract
Judgement and Procedure: Kant, Husserl, Lyotard, Derrida
By Peter W. Milne
This dissertation has two aims. The first is to fill a gap in the
literature on Lyotard and Derrida by conducting an analysis of
their relation to transcendental philosophy, primarily that of Kant
but with some consideration of Husserl also. The second is to
counter the usual conceptions of so-called "postmodern" philosophy
as being relativistic, liberal and individualistic, or even
reducible to political conservativism. I show how both Lyotard and
Derrida oppose the teleology at work in the Kantian Idea as it
appears in the Critical writings and in Husserl's historical
rationalism. But I connect this opposition to the way they closely
follow Kant's reluctance to "close" his system in the way that, for
instance, Hegel does through what he calls Absolute Knowing. Both
French authors rely on the basic notion of the "event," by which is
meant something which comes only once, for which the mind is
unprepared, but which nonetheless demands to be judged. In Kant,
the aesthetic judgment is one that operates in this way, without
clear rules for deciding the issue. Taking some impetus also from
Freud's notion of Nachträglichkeit or "deferred
action," both Lyotard and Derrida see in this interruption a model
for the ethical or political responsibility to think and judge in
respect of that which does not immediately appear as "well formed."
For each, this way of judging is of primary importance in a
multi-cultural and international political sphere, where Western,
humanistic cultural and historical norms have come under suspicion.
I argue that although neither French thinker believes in the much
vaunted "death of man" or the "end" of history, our conceptions of
both humanity and history must be re-evaluated and reoriented to
account for this need to find norms by which to judge what is
unfamiliar without subordinating it to pre-given categories.
Table of Contents
Table of Contents
List of Abbreviations...i
Introduction: Time(s) of Crisis...1
Chapter One: The "Project of Modernity": Critical Philosophy and
the Kantian Idea
1.1 Modernity and the "Idea in the Kantian
Sense"...10
1.2 Kant and the Crisis of Enlightenment...19
1.3 The first Critique: Teleology and the Idea...27
1.4 The third Critique: Nature, Freedom and Judgment...44
Chapter Two: Historical Teleology in Kant and Husserl
2.1 Politics, History, and Morality in
Kant...57
2.2 Husserl, History and the Crisis of Philosophy...70
2.3 Reason, History, and the Idea...88
2.4 Opening to Crisis: The Idea and Philosophy...95
Chapter Three: Lyotard: Narrative, the Sublime, and Affective Temporality
3.1 Crisis and the "Postmodern"...126
3.2 A Heterogeneity of Ends...138
3.3 Crisis and Subjectivity: Temporality in the Sublime...150
3.4 Freud, Emma, and "Affectivity"...160
Chapter Four: Economy and Chance: The Law of the Frame
4.1 Economimesis and the Work of the
Frame...171
4.2 "A Nonknowledge Intervenes" - The Sans of the Pure
Cut...204
4.3 "There Shall be no Mourning"...218
Chapter Five: Of Crisis, Justice, and an "Enlightenment" to Come: Philosophy, Politics, and the Event
5.1 The End(s) of Humanism...236
5.2 A Strange Remainder: Lyotard's Inhuman...259
5.3 Derrida: The "Enlightenment" to Come...280
5.4 The End(s) of Crisis...294
Bibliography...301
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