Contextualized Effects of Maternal Cannabis During Pregnancy on Postnatal Outcomes and Childhood Alcohol Sipping in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Project Pubblico
Ikeda, Ami (Spring 2022)
Abstract
It is suspected that prenatal cannabis exposure might interfere with fetal development and pose a significant risk for several negative postnatal outcomes, early initiation of substances of abuse, and behavioral disruptions, including delinquent and aggressive behaviors. Taken together, this is concerning as early substance initiation has been linked with being diagnosed with an alcohol use disorder or other substance use disorder in adulthood as well as several secondary problems. Few studies have examined the prospective effect of prenatal cannabis exposure on postnatal outcomes and alcohol sipping in the context of known maternal and familial confounders. The current study addressed this question using 11,878 children and their mothers from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study. Maternal and familial confounders were accounted for using propensity scores and together with maternal reporting of cannabis use during pregnancy were used as predictors of rare birth outcomes and alcohol sipping in childhood. Logistic regression models using 15 maternal risk factors robustly classified mothers who ‘did smoke’ versus ‘did not smoke’ during pregnancy. Additionally, mothers reporting of maternal cannabis use during pregnancy was associated with increased risk of alcohol sipping in children. However, this association did not survive correction for maternal and familial confounders. Interestingly, propensity for prenatal cannabis exposure was associated with not breathing at birth. Despite no direct effect of prenatal cannabis exposure on alcohol sipping, mediation analysis indicated significant indirect effects of cannabis use during pregnancy and propensity for maternal cannabis use during pregnancy on childhood alcohol sipping via childhood externalizing behaviors. In utero cannabis exposure may play a role in alcohol sipping behavior in childhood as well as some understudied birth outcomes however, these effects may be better attributed to maternal/familial behaviors and a broader set of child-level externalizing behaviors.
Table of Contents
PAGE
ABSTRACT…………………………………………………………………………….
iv
LIST OF TABLES……………………………………………………………………...
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LIST OF FIGURES…………………………………………………………………….
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INTRODUCTION……………………………………………………………………...
1
The Importance of Maternal Confounders in Prenatal Exposure Studies………
2
Cannabis Effects on Postnatal Outcomes……………………………………….
4
Effects of Maternal Cannabis During Pregnancy on Substance Use…………...
9
Study Goals…………………………………………………………………......
11
METHODS……………………………………………………………………………..
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Participants……………………………………………………………………...
12
Measures………………………………………………………………………..
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Data Analysis…………………………………………………………………...
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RESULTS………………………………………………………………………………
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Sample Descriptives……………………………………………………………
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Propensity for MCDP in Mothers………………………………………………
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Effects of MCDP on Birth Outcomes………………………….……………….
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Effects of MCDP on Offspring Substance Misuse using Propensity for MCDP
19
Direct and Indirect MCDP and Propensity for MCDP effects on Externalizing Behaviors and Childhood Alcohol Sipping ……………………………………
19
DISCUSSION………………………………………………………………………….
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Summary………………………………………………………………………..
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REFERENCES…………………………………………………………………………,
27
TABLES AND FIGURES……………………………………………………………...
46
APPENDIX……………………………………………………………………………..
59
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