PUBLIC HEALTH SURVEILLANCE SYSTEMS FOR DISEASE MONITORING, SITUATIONAL AWARENESS, AND DECISION MAKING SUPPORT Open Access
Koutsonanos, Dimitrios G. (2014)
Published
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Disease surveillance and population health monitoring represents one of the cornerstones of public health surveillance, early disease identification and prevention, and situational awareness. Constant monitoring for potential emerging public health threats is one of the most important missions of public health. Public health surveillance is the ongoing, systematic collection, analysis, interpretation, and dissemination of data regarding a health related event for use is public health actions to reduce morbidity and mortality and to improve health. Early detection of a new outbreak and rapid response to a public health threat could result in saving of millions of lives but also great financial savings from preventing hospitalizations, deaths and all the socio-economic effects associated with it. In order to provide early disease detection and situational awareness, different public health surveillance systems were developed that monitor population health and report different public health events and threats. These systems perform different functions and can be classified in three different categories: i) syndromic surveillance systems, ii) laboratory surveillance systems, iii) web-based public health surveillance systems. All of these systems have significant contributions in early disease detection and monitoring, situational awareness, and decision making support. In this study we provided an overview of major public health surveillance systems for syndromic surveillance including BioSense, ESSENCE, and ILINet, laboratory surveillance including NNDSS, FoodNet, and eHARS, and web-bases surveillance including HealthMap, ProMED-mail, and BioCaster. We provided a summary of the different functionalities each system offers and supports as well as limitations associated with each system. Finally, we identified challenges in public health surveillance systems and we proposed potential tools and surveillance models that could be used to improve data collection, analysis, and reporting and enhance the functionality of public health surveillance systems.
Table of Contents
Table of Contents
CHAPTER 1: OVERVIEW OF PUBLIC HEALTH SURVEILLANCE................................................... 3
1.1 GOALS OF PUBLIC HEALTH SURVEILLANCE............................................................................. 4
1.2 TYPES OF PUBLIC HEALTH SURVEILLANCE.............................................................................. 5
1.3 SOURCES OF DATA FOR PUBLIC HEALTH SURVEILLANCE........................................................... 8
1.4 SCOPE OF THESIS.............................................................................................................. 9
CHAPTER 2: SYNDROMIC SURVEILLANCE SYSTEMS............................................................... 11
2.1 BIOSENSE....................................................................................................................... 14
2.2 ESSENCE........................................................................................................................ 18
2.3 ILINet............................................................................................................................ 23
2.4 OTHER SYNDROMIC SURVEILLANCE SYSTEMS........................................................................ 25
CHAPTER 3: LABORATORY SURVEILLANCE SYSTEMS.............................................................. 26
3.1 NNDSS........................................................................................................................... 26
3.2 FOODNET........................................................................................................................ 31
3.3 eHARS............................................................................................................................ 33
3.4 OTHER LABORATORY SURVEILLANCE SYSTEMS....................................................................... 34
CHAPTER 4: WEB-BASED PUBLIC HEALTH SURVEILLANCE SYSTEMS....................................... 35
4.1 HEALTHMAP..................................................................................................................... 37
4.2 PROMED-MAIL.................................................................................................................. 40
4.3 BIOCASTER...................................................................................................................... 42
4.4 OTHER WEB-BASED SURVEILLANCE SYSTEMS......................................................................... 44
CHAPTER 5: THE FUTURE OF PUBLIC HEALTH SURVEILLANCE SYSTEMS.................................. 45
5.1 PREDICTIVE ANALYTICS IN PUBLIC HEALTH........................................................................... 45
5.2 ELECTRONIC HEALTH RECORDS............................................................................................ 48
5.3 NoSQL DATABASES............................................................................................................ 49
5.4 DESIGNING THE IDEAL PUBLIC HEALTH SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM................................................ 50
REFERENCES........................................................................................................................ 57
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