TRANSMISSION ECOLOGY OF SIN NOMBRE HANTAVIRUS IN DEER MOUSE POPULATIONS IN OUTDOOR ENCLOSURES 公开
Bagamian, Karoun Heidi (2012)
Published
Abstract
Since the inception of the multidisciplinary field of disease
ecology in 1979,
ecologists and public health researchers have been exploring
natural disease systems and
attempting to build predictive models of disease. Disease models of
directly transmitted
pathogens often predict that increased host population densities
result in increased levels of
disease in an environment, but mark-recapture data from multiple
well-studied rodent-virus
host-pathogen systems have reported conflicting results.
Concurrently, these field studies
have identified the importance of seasonality, host physiology and
population processes on
infection dynamics. Traditionally, transmission information is
often deduced from disease
prevalence data, or determined in highly artificial laboratory
settings-both of which do not
adequately illustrate the natural progression of disease through a
host population, and often
separate ecological factors from within-host pathological and
immunological factors. In this
dissertation, I address these discrepancies and explore questions
about the role of host
population density, seasonality, and host aggression on disease
transmission by conducting
manipulative field transmission experiments using deer mice (
Peromyscus maniculatus) naturally
infected with Sin Nombre hantavirus (SNV) in outdoor enclosures.
This project is largely
interdisciplinary and uses ecological, molecular, and immunological
approaches to
understand SNV infection and transmission in a natural
host-pathogen system. The results
of this study indicate that seasonality and host heterogeneities in
behavior and viral infection
load may have a stronger influence on disease transmission dynamics
than host population
density. This project reports the first successful SNV transmission
experiment in a closed
deer-mouse population. Also, in the process of this research, a new
sub-specialty of disease
ecology-transmission ecology-defined as the study of within- and
between-host infection
dynamics and their relationship to transmission-related host
population processes and
environmental conditions in an effort to better understand natural
disease systems-was
developed.
Table of Contents
Table of Contents
1
Introduction
1
2
Effects of population density and seasonality on
13
Sin Nombre hantavirus transmission in North American
deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus) in outdoor
enclosures
2.1 Introduction
15
2.2 Research Design and Methods
19
2.3 Results
29
2.4 Discussion
37
3
Transmission ecology of Sin Nombre hantavirus in
44
naturally infected deer mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus)
populations in outdoor enclosures
3.1 Introduction
46
3.2 Research Design and Methods
52
3.3 Results
63
3.4 Discussion
68
4
Summary
75
5
Supplementary Figures and Tables
82
6
References
84
7
Appendix
92
7.1 Detection of P. Maniculatus GAPDH RNA from Orophayngeal
fluids
(OPF) from swabs
7.2 Additional Information about SNV infected mice from
2007-
2008 experiments
About this Dissertation
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