Mosquito Prevalence and Malaria Risk in Relation to Land-Use Near Ranomafana National Park in Madagascar Open Access
Derfus, Kristin Starr (2014)
Abstract
OBJECTIVE. To examine the association between mosquito prevalence
and malaria risk
in varying land-use sites in and around Ranomafana National Park in
Madagascar.
METHODS. Analyses were based on mosquitoes trapped in six different
villages and
the surrounding forests and agricultural sites from June to August
of 2013. Two CDC
miniature light traps were set in each land-use site and trapping
took place for a minimum
of three nights in each of the 6 different village, forest and
agricultural locations. Trapped
mosquitoes were collected, desiccated and sent to the CDC for
analysis. ELISA was used
to test all female Anopheles mosquitoes for the malaria parasite,
Plasmodium. PCR was
used to confirm positive ELISA results.
RESULTS. A total of 2,033 mosquitoes, with 415 Anopheles, were
trapped during the 21
nights of trapping. Based on Poisson regression analysis,
agricultural land-use sites had a
higher prevalence of Anopheles mosquitoes than the forest and
village sites. Interestingly,
forest sites had the lowest prevalence of Anopheles. Close
proximity to animal pens was
also associated with higher prevalence of Anopheles mosquitoes.
Three mosquitoes were
ELISA-positive, but PCR results did not confirm the presence of
Plasmodium DNA.
CONCLUSION. Data demonstrates that agricultural sites have a higher
prevalence of
Anopheles mosquitoes than forest or village sites. In addition,
proximity to domesticated
animal pens was associated with higher prevalence of Anopheles, but
sample size
precluded detailed examination of this relationship. Further
investigation will be required
to develop specific predictions of risks for malaria transmission
and potential for malaria
interventions.
Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION 1
OBJECTIVES 5
MATERIALS AND METHODS 6
ETHICS STATEMENT 6
IRB 6
SITE SELECTION 6
COLLECTION METHOD 7
LABORATORY ANALYSIS 9
ELISA 9
PCR 10
DATA ANALYSIS 11
RESULTS 11
PREVALENCE DATA 11
ELISA 15
PCR CONFIRMATION OF POTENTIAL POSITIVES 15
ITS2 15
DISCUSSION 16
CONCLUSION 31
REFERENCES 32
APPENDIX: TABLES AND FIGURES 36
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