Factors affecting household experience with the fuel-efficient Top-Lit Up Draft (TLUD) cookstove in Kinshasa, DRC Öffentlichkeit

Abstract

Background: Indoor air pollution, primarily emitted by burning solid fuels indoors in poorly ventilated conditions, is one of the greatest agitators of respiratory infection worldwide. In the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) indoor air pollution, linked to respiratory infection, is responsible for 19% of child deaths under five, outranking malaria and diarrhea as the top contributor to child mortality. One proposed solution to reducing the ill health effects of indoor air pollution is to promote improved clean cookstoves.

Objective: The primary objective of this study was to understand household experience with the Top-Lit Up Draft (TLUD) clean cookstove. Secondary objectives were to determine possible barriers and incentives to households' using and liking the stove, and finally to investigate households' willingness to pay for the stove.

Methods: A mixed methods sequential design study was used to examine household experience with the stove. Forty households in Mokali, Kinshasa, were randomly selected to receive the TLUD stove. One month after receiving the stove, five focus group discussions were conducted with household members that had used the stove. A month later, a survey was administered to the 40 households that received the TLUD stove. Survey questions were informed by data from the focus group discussions.

Results: Results of the study show that household experience with the TLUD stove was dependent upon the fuel market environment, the cost of fueling the TLUD stove, smoke, and design elements of the stove. The biggest barrier to having a positive experience with the stove centered around the kind of wood households used to fuel the stove. Willingness to pay for the stove, regardless of experience, was low.

Conclusion: The complex relationships of factors affecting stove experience and likelihood of adoption point to the necessity of understanding the context of household energy and fuel environments as well as household preferences. Household willingness to adopt clean cookstove technology extends far beyond the economics of fueling and purchasing, but also involves greater social, economic, and technological factors.

Table of Contents

Table of Contents

Chapter 1: Introduction………………………………………………………………….….……………1

Chapter 2: Literature Review………………………………………………………………………….8

Historical background of clean cookstove initiatives ………………………………………………………8

Proposed theories explaining clean cookstove and fuel adoption……………………………………13

Trending topics in clean cookstove interventions…………………………………………………………..18

Importance of incorporating women in stove programs…………………………………………………21

The TLUD stove ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………23

Conclusion: What the literature does and does not tell us…………………………………….…………27

Chapter 3: Methods……………………………………………………………………………………….28

Study design………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...28

Study site selection………………………………………………………………………………………………………29

Data collection: Focus group discussions………………………………………………………………………32

Data preparation and analysis: Qualitative data…………………………………………………………….36

Data collection: Survey…………………………………………………………………………………………………40

Data preparation and analysis: Survey…………………………………………………………….…………….41

Chapter 4: Results…………………………………………………………………………………………43

Introduction…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………43

Sample population characteristics…………………………………………………………………………………44

The fuel market environment: Household difficulty finding the right kind of wood.………..45

The cost of fueling the TLUD stove…………………………………………………………………………………49

Smoke from the TLUD stove………………………………………………………………………………………….51

Stove stacking………………………………………………………………………………………………………………53

Design………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….55

Impact of gender on household use and experience with the TLUD stove………………………..61

Willingness to pay………………………………………………………………………………………………………...62

Chapter 5: Discussion and Conclusion…………………………………………………………..67

Principal findings…………………………………………………………………………………….……………………67

Strengths and weaknesses of the study………………………………………….………………………………67

This study compared to others in the literature……………………………………………………………..68

Meaning of the study: Public health implications and recommendations…………………………70

Unanswered questions and future research…………………………………………………………………...72

Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………73

References…………………………………………………………………………………………………….74

Appendixes……………………………………………………………………………………………………77

Appendix A: Focus group discussion guides…………………………………………………………………...77

Appendix B: Survey………………………………………………………………………………………………………84

Appendix C: Codebook…………………………………………………………………………………………………..93

Appendix D: Summary of survey results………………………………………………………………………103

About this Master's Thesis

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School	Rollins School of Public Health
Department	Hubert Department of Global Health
Degree	MPH
Submission	Master's Thesis
Language	English
Research Field	Health Sciences, Public Health Environmental Sciences Energy
Stichwort	clean cookstoves socio contextual determinants of health DRC mixed methods
Committee Chair / Thesis Advisor	McFarland, Deborah A, Emory University
Committee Members	Hennink, Monique, Emory University
Partnering Agencies	International Non-governmental organization (e.g., CARE, Inc.)

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