Blood Glucose Variability Measures: Going Beyond Traditional Methods Public
Kelleman, Michael (2013)
Published
Abstract
BACKGROUND: The establishment of a formal and effective method to characterize glucose variability is a crucial step in the advancement of reducing morbidity and mortality, especially in critically ill patients in the intensive care unit (ICU). Previous studies have used measures that are unable to account for correlation between blood glucose measurements. We sought to provide a standardized method of data analysis from a glucose management protocol in hospitalized patients that is more appropriate for these repeated measures.
METHODOLOGY: Our study population consisted of 153 pediatric patients from two pediatric ICU (PICU): Children's Healthcare of Atlanta (CHOA) in Atlanta, GA and James Whitcomb Riley Hospital for Children in Indianapolis, IN. Baseline severity of illness scores (PELOD) were calculated at the time of admission and on day 6. Blood glucose measurements were collected throughout their hospitalization and PICU (length of stay) LOS and hospital LOS were recorded. We performed GEE analysis on blood glucose variability measures to determine the association with mortality. Additionally, we performed mixed linear model analysis on blood glucose variability measures to determine the association with PICU LOS, hospital LOS and change in PELOD scores.
RESULTS: We observed increased hospital and PICU LOS with increasing maximal glucose levels and decreased hospital and PICU LOS with increasing minimal glucose levels. No glucose variability measures were found to be associated with mortality either independently or in a GEE model. Standard deviation (SD) and glucose variability index were not found to be significantly associated with PICU or hospital LOS while coefficient of variation CV was found to be significantly associated with both PICU of hospital LOS. CV and was also significantly associated with change in PELOD after controlling for baseline severity of illness while SD and glucose variability index were not significantly associated with changed in PELOD.
DISCUSSION: These results are consistent with previous studies while we introduced a novel way to analyze blood glucose measurement from critically ill pediatric patients in the PICU. Further research on glucose variability and repeated measure analysis should consider incorporating other characteristics of variability measured using area under the curves AUC applied to glucose versus time.
Table of Contents
Chapter I: Introduction
Background 1
Problem/Purpose/Significance 2
Assumptions 4
Definition of Terms 4
Chapter II: Review of the Literature
Glucose Variability 8
Heart Rate Variability 10
Chapter III: Methodology
Study Population and Measurements 12
Analysis 14
Chapter IV: Results
Patient Demographics 16
Glucose Variability Measures 16
Hyperglycemia and Hypoglycemia 17
Maximal Glucose, Minimal Glucose, and Glucose Variability Index Quintiles 17
Modeling Results 19
Chapter V: Discussion
Summary of Study/Strengths and Limitations 21
Conclusions 23
Future Research 23
References 25
Appendix: Figures and Tables
Figure 1. Formulas Used in Describing Glucose Variability 29
Table 1. Pediatric Demographics 30
Table 2. Pediatric Glucose Variability Measures by Hospital 31
Table 3. LOS and Mortality Rates According to Glucose Ranges and Glucose Cutoff Values 32
Table 4. LOS and Mortality Rates According to Glucose and Glucose Variability Index Quintiles 33
Figure 2. Example AUC Chart 34
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