Drivers of Animal Source Food Consumption among Transitioning Tanzanian Pastoral Communities: Implications on Maternal and Child Health Público
Shah, Ruby (Spring 2019)
Abstract
Background: Multiple pressures contribute to sedentarization among pastoralists in Tanzania as they pursue adaptation and diversification related to sustenance, both nutritional and economic. Sedentarization has myriad positive and negative effects. One of the most significant changes that occurs during sedentarization is decreased consumption of animal source food consumption (ASF) especially among children, contributing to malnutrition. Drivers of ASF and subsequent maternal and child health implications during this transition to sedentism are largely unknown.
Objective: The purpose of this study is to understand drivers of ASF choice during the transition from nomadism to sedentism in study communities and to understand how ASF choice can result in various maternal and child health outcomes
Methods: Data collection stemmed from focus groups and key informant interviews among pastoralists in Morogoro and Tanga Regions of Tanzania using a grounded theory approach. Secondary data analysis was utilized to identify emergent themes related to drivers of ASF choice and potential MCH implications.
Results: Five primary themes related to ASF choice emerged:1) lack of cattle and subsequent production of ASF, 2) availability of other non-ASF foods, 3) convenience, 4) changes in cultural norms and perceptions with sub-themes of (a) reduction of stigma and (b) modernization, and 5) habit with sub-themes of (a) sensory perceptions and (b) food roots. Each of these themes and subthemes were identified as a facilitator or barrier to ASF consumption.
Conclusions: Consumption of cow meat, blood, and milk have significantly reduced due to the barriers of lack of cattle and habit, with negative implications on MCH outcomes. Convenience and changes in cultural norms and perceptions are facilitators to ASF consumption, which have the potential to improve MCH outcomes by reducing malnutrition within transitioning Tanzanian pastoral communities.
Table of Contents
Chapter I: Introduction ......................................................................................................................1
List of Definitions and Abbreviations.................................................................................................4
Chapter II: Comprehensive Literature Review .................................................................................. 5
Maternal and Child Health: Malnutrition in Tanzania ...................................................................... 5
Importance of Animal Source Foods (ASFs)…………...........................................................................7
Consumption of ASF within Pastoral Communities………..................................................................9
Sedentarization of Pastoral Communities in Tanzania and Consumption of ASF............................12
Remaining Gaps – Drivers of ASF Choice.........................................................................................14
Chapter III: Manuscript ....................................................................................................................16
Introduction......................................................................................................................................16
Methods.............................................................................................................................................19
Results.............................................................................................................................................. 23
Conclusion.........................................................................................................................................37
Figure 1: Overall Map of Drivers of Animal Source Food Choice.......................................................39
Figure 2: Outline of Drivers that Influence Cattle Blood Consumption............................................40
Table 1: Overview of ASF Choice Trends and Potential Implications on MCH Health...................... 42
Chapter IV: Conclusions and Recommendations..............................................................................42
References ....................................................................................................................................... 46
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