Intrahippocampal Kainic Acid (IHKA)-induced Seizures in Mice: A Model of New Onset Refractory Status Epilepticus (NORSE) Open Access

Abstract

The consensus definition of New Onset Refractory Status Epilepticus (NORSE) is new onset of refractory status epilepticus without a clear acute or active structural, toxic, or metabolic cause. Patients with NORSE do not have active epilepsy or other preexisting relevant neurological disorder. Febrile Infection Related Epilepsy Syndrome (FIRES) is a subset of NORSE that requires febrile infection, with fever occurring between 2 weeks and 24 hours prior to onset of refractory status epilepticus. There currently does not exist an animal model to study NORSE/FIRES in detail. This study argues that intrahippocampal kainic acid (IHKA) is a valid model for NORSE/FIRES supported by pathological changes, behavioral manifestations, immune response, and electroencephalography data. Although previously viewed only as a model for Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy (MTLE), the questionable existence of a latent period between the acute epileptic phase and chronic epileptic phase challenges this notion. This study aimed to characterize more thoroughly the features of IHKA that are common to NORSE. Our data suggested that IHKA is a valid model for NORSE/FIRES.

Table of Contents

Introduction. 2

Materials and Methods. 5

Animals 5

Intrahippocampal Kainic Acid (IHKA) Surgery. 5

Post-Operative Care. 6

EEG Recording. 6

Immunohistochemistry (IHC) 7

Results. 8

Figures. 10

Discussion. 13

References. 16

About this Honors Thesis

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School	Emory College
Department	Biology
Degree	B.S.
Submission	Honors Thesis
Language	English
Research Field	Biology, Neuroscience
Keyword	New Onset Refractory Status Epilepticus (NORSE), Febrile-Infection Related Epilepsy Syndrome (FIRES), Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy (MTLE), Status Epilepticus (SE), Intrahippocampal Kainic Acid (IHKA)
Committee Chair / Thesis Advisor	Sookyong Koh, Emory University
Committee Members	Amanda Starnes, Emory University Russell Sanchez, Emory University

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