j-/k/ Sound Relationship between Chinese and Korean 公开
Lee, Mina (Spring 2021)
Abstract
While learning Korean or Chinese, it is not surprising to find there are many Korean words that share similar pronunciations with Chinese words of the same meanings.
Focusing on the similarities in pronunciations between Chinese and Korean and comparing the phonetic spelling of Modern Standard Chinese, Middle Chinese, Old Chinese, Modern Sino-Korean, and Modern Native Korean, this paper traced the relationship between j initial consonant in Modern Standard Chinese and /k/ sound in Sino-Korean and examined the comparisons between Modern Standard Chinese and Native Korean’s sounds.
To see the relationship between Modern Standard Chinese and Modern Sino-Korean, the proportion of corresponding Modern Sino-Korean’s initial sounds of Chinese characters with initial consonant j was found. The result showed a clear pattern that the majority follows the j-/k/ pattern for Modern Standard Chinese and Modern Sino-Korean. Next, similar data search was conducted on Modern Native Korean with a different method. For Modern Native Korean, randomly selected Native Korean words were chosen from the National dictionary and their corresponding Modern Standard Chinese sounds were compared. The results showed a low similarity between the latter comparison.
These results show that, when people claim that Korean also keeps many Old/Middle Chinese sounds, it only applies to Sino-Korean sounds. Native Korean sounds are from their own group and do not show a clear borrowing of sounds as Sino-Korean sounds do. On this basis, different concept and comparison should be applied for Sino-Korean and Native Korean when comparing Chinese with Korean.
Table of Contents
Chapter 1: Introduction ……………………………………………………………………. page 1
Chapter 2: Romanization systems in Chinese and Korean ………………………………..............
2.1: Romanization Systems of Chinese ………………………………………….… page 2
2.2: Romanization Systems of Korean……………………………………………... page 4
Chapter 3: The Sound and Writing Systems in Chinese and Korean………………………………
3.1: Chinese ………………………………………………………………………………...
3.1.1: Chinese Consonants ………………………………………………… page 7
3.1.2: Chinese Syllable ……………………………………………………. page 9
3.2: Korean ………………………………………………………………………………...
3.2.1: Korean Consonants & Vowels ……………………………………. page 11
3.2.2: Korean Syllable ……………………………………………………. page 13
3.2.3: Korean Vocabulary ………………………………………………... page 14
3.3: Relationship between Chinese and Korean Languages ……………………………….
3.3.1: Writing Systems …………………………………………………… page 16
3.3.2: Middle Chinese Sounds and Sino-Korean Sounds ………………… page 19
Chapter 4: The Remnants of Chinese Sounds in Native Korean? …………………………………
4.1: Data …………………………………………………………………………. Page 24
4.2: Analysis ……………………………………………………………………………….
4.2.1: Why are Native Korean Sound Patterns low in number …………... page 34
4.2.2: Why j-/k/ does not show in Native Korean Sounds ……………….. page 37
Chapter 5: Conclusion …………………………………………………………………………….
5.1: Summary …………………………………………………………………..… page 38
5.2: Future Research ………………………………………………………...……. Page 39
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