Identification of risk factors associated with new HIV infection in an Atlanta jail: A cross-sectional study between January 2011 and March 2012 Pubblico

Qi, Mingli (Spring 2019)

Permanent URL: https://etd.library.emory.edu/concern/etds/cc08hg65j?locale=it
Published

Abstract

With neither a preventive vaccine nor a cure, HIV/AIDS has been one of the leading causes of death worldwide for decades. Even in the ART (anti-retroviral therapy) era, millions still live with HIV and worldwide about 1 million people are infected annually. Finding newly infected cases and treating all infected persons with ART is a key step to reduce the chance of spreading the virus in the surrounding community. People in jails and prisons experience much higher HIV prevalence than the general population.  Therefore, finding new cases in correctional facilities becomes a crucial step to reduce disease burden in the whole society. In this study, we sought to identify risk factors associated with the detection of new HIV cases in an Atlanta jail between January 2011 and March 2012. The staff nurses at the jail adopted an opt-out approach to test 19,285 individuals using the OraQuick ADVANCE Rapid HIV-1/2 Antibody Test system. From the testing data, we identified 419 individuals who had positive HIV results during the 15-month period. Among these 419 HIV positive persons, 42 were clarified as new HIV diagnoses. The overall HIV prevalence of those tested during this period was 2.17% and the prevalence of new diagnoses was 0.22%. We did not find that age, race/ethnicity and drug charge were associated with new HIV cases. Further analysis demonstrated that sex had a weak association with new HIV detection (p=0.07, Pearson’s χ2 test) while booking frequency was strongly correlated with new HIV detection in our jail population across this 15-month period. Bivariate analysis showed that this relation was statistically significant. The odds ratio for booking at least 3 times was 3.46 with 95% confidence interval {1.23, 9.73}, and a p-value of 0.02.  The odds ratio for booking at least 4 times was 6.73 with 95% confidence interval {1.61, 28.10}, with a p-value of 0.01.

Table of Contents

Introduction....................................................................................................................... 1

Methods............................................................................................................................ 6

Results ..............................................................................................................................  9

Discussion......................................................................................................................... 14

References........................................................................................................................ 17

Tables .............................................................................................................................. 23

About this Master's Thesis

Rights statement
  • Permission granted by the author to include this thesis or dissertation in this repository. All rights reserved by the author. Please contact the author for information regarding the reproduction and use of this thesis or dissertation.
School
Department
Subfield / Discipline
Degree
Submission
Language
  • English
Research Field
Parola chiave
Committee Chair / Thesis Advisor
Ultima modifica

Primary PDF

Thumbnail Title Date Uploaded Actions
Identification of risk factors associated with new HIV infection in an Atlanta jail: A cross-sectional study between January 2011 and March 2012 () 2019-04-23 13:12:58 -0400

Supplemental Files

Thumbnail Title Date Uploaded Actions