The effects of chemical properties and nasal air flow patterns on retronasal responses to odorants in the rat. Público
Phan, Maggie (2010)
Published
Abstract
In this study of orthonasal and retronasal olfaction,
electroolfactograms (EOGs)
were measured from the dorsal-medial and lateral regions of the rat
olfactory
epithelium. Orthonasal olfaction is the process by which odorants
enter the nasal
cavity from the anterior nares, as in sniffing. Retronasal
olfaction is the process
of smelling from the mouth, which occurs when odorants from food
inside the
mouth travel behind the palate to the posterior nares and enter the
nasal cavity.
Sixteen odorants with a range of solubility were tested, and the
effects of single
and multiple pulses of odor stimulation were studied. The odorants'
molecular
properties are important factors to the distribution of responses
on the olfactory
epithelium as well as the magnitude of the orthonasal and
retronasal responses.
A set of molecular descriptors related to polarity and solubility,
including the
Hansen solubility parameter, the electrotopological state, and
Henry's Law
constant, were compared to the peak negative EOG and to the area
under the
EOG traces. The multiple pulses provide an initial attempt at
simulating the
effect in breathing, chewing and swallowing. The EOG responses to
the
odorants were different during orthonasal and retronasal flow. When
odorants
travel within the nasal cavity in the orthonasal direction, the
responses to the
polar odorants are the greatest in the dorsalâ€medial
region of the olfactory
epithelium while the responses to many nonpolar odorants are the
greatest in the
lateral region. When odorants travel within the nasal cavity in the
retronasal
direction, however, the responses to the polar odorants are greatly
reduced at all
recording sites compared to responses of polar odorants flowing in
the
orthonasal direction. The single and triple pulse odorant
stimulation had similar
relationships with the molecular properties of the odorants. This
consistent
relationship between calculated properties and odorant response
supports the
hypothesis that odorant sorption is an important contribution to
the differences
between orthonasal and retronasal olfaction.
Table of Contents
Table of Contents
Introduction………………………………………………………………………….….1
Methods………………………………………………………………………………....13
Table
1…………………………………………………………………………...14
Figure
1A………………………………………………………………………..15
Figure
1B………………………………………………………………………...15
Figure
1C……………………………………………………………………......15
Results…………………………………………………………………………………...21
Figure
2………………………………………………………………………….25
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3……………………………………………………………………….…26
Figure
4………………………………………………………………………….27
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5………………………………………………………………………….28
Figure
6………………………………………………………………………….29
Discussion……………………………………………………………………………....30
References………………………………………………………………………………37
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