Individual and Interpersonal Factors Associated with HIV Prevention Conversations and Condomless Anal Intercourse among Non-Concordant MSM Main Partners 公开
Palacios Torres, Nydia Esther (2017)
Abstract
Background : About 65% of new U.S. HIV infections are found in the men who have sex with men (MSM) population. Recent studies suggest that 32-68% of HIV transmission within this population occurs between main partners in a relationship. HIV transmission between non-concordant couples is particularly concerning.
Objective: Drawing from the Social Ecological Model, this study aims to: 1) describe the individual and interpersonal characteristics of MSM in non-concordant relationships, and 2) examine how factors are associated with HIV prevention conversations and condomless anal intercourse (CAI).
Methods: This study is a secondary data analysis of the 2015 American Men's Internet Survey, a quantitative, cross-sectional online study. Eight hundred and fifty six US MSM in a non-concordant relationship with a main partner were included in the study subsample. Outcome measures were HIV prevention conversations within the past 6 months and CAI within the past 12 months.
Results: Most respondents were early 30's, White, had some college education, did not use non-injection drugs, experienced low levels of stigma, had at least one ACE exposure, had a sexual agreement with their main partner, and did not use technology-based social networking sites.
HIV prevention conversation scores were low while CAI was high. No association was found between these outcome variables. Age, education, number of sexual partners in the past 12 months, and sexual agreement were significantly associated with HIV prevention conversation. Marital status, drug use, and sexual agreement were associated with CAI in the first multivariate regression while education, sexual agreement, and breaking the sexual agreement were associated with CAI in the second model. Specifically, participants in open sexual agreements without conditions or those who broke their agreement were 4 and 12 times as likely to engage in CAI, respectively.
Conclusions: Findings suggest potentially increased HIV transmission risk within and outside of the dyad. HIV prevention conversations that only include topics such as condom usage, testing, or PrEP/TasP may not mitigate HIV transmission risk. Relationship dynamics, and accompanying conversations, may play a more influential role in CAI decision-making. Adding communication elements including relationship satisfaction, sexual agreements, and commitment may strengthen HIV prevention conversation campaigns.
Table of Contents
Chapter 1: Introduction 1
Social Ecological Model 2
Research Question 4
Chapter 2: Literature Review 5
Individual Factors 5
Sociodemographics 5
Substance Use 6
Stigma 7
Experiences of Adverse Childhood Events 8
Interpersonal Factors 9
Sexual Agreements among MSM 9
Engagement in Technology-based MSM Social Networks 10
Summary 11
Chapter 3: Methods 13
Study Design 13
Participants and Sampling 13
Measures 15
Outcome Measures 15
Correlates of Interest 16
Individual Factors 16
Interpersonal Factors 21
Data Analysis 23
Chapter 4: Results 26
Descriptive Statistics of Participants Individual and Interpersonal Factors 26
HIV Prevention Conversation Score Outcome 28
Bivariate Analyses 28
Multivariate Analyses 29
CAI Outcome 30
Bivariate Analyses 30
Multivariate Analyses 31
Summary 33
Chapter 5: Discussion 43
Individual and Interpersonal Characteristics of Non-concordant Dyads 43
Factors Associated with HIV Prevention Conversations 44
Factors Associated with CAI 45
Bivariate Level Outcomes in Relation to the Literature 48
Limitations 50
Implications of Findings and Future Areas of Research and Programs 51
References 53
Appendices 58
Appendix A: AMIS Subsample Selection Flowchart 58
Appendix B: AMIS HIV Prevention Conversation Items 59
Appendix C: CDC Stigma Items 63
Appendix D: JHS Stigma Items 66
Appendix E: ACE Subcategory Exposure Decision Matrix 71
About this Master's Thesis
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