Levels of Self-supply for Water Delivery in Rural Ethiopia: What different scenarios for supplementary self-supply in three woredas of Amhara, Ethiopia can be used to reach the SDG water-related goals of 2030 and how much will the different scenarios cost? Pubblico
Winters, Rachel Jackson (Spring 2019)
Abstract
A considerable proportion of the world lacks access to a basic water supply. According to recent data gathered by the Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation, nearly 70 percent of people living in rural Ethiopia lack a basic water supply, defined as an improved source where water can be collected within 30 minutes. Due to variable hydrogeology and difficult terrain, there is added difficulty in providing access to microbiologically safe drinking water. The goal of this study was to estimate water procurement costs in Ethiopia and to explore different water supply strategies that would aid in achieving the SDG goals by 2030.
We used population density mapping and cost prediction models to quantify implementation costs for several different hypothetical water service levels in Ethiopia. This method of model building allows for the comparison of three different water systems: traditional community water supply (CWS), self-supply, and piped water. We were also able to compare these systems at different hypothetical levels of installation. We used Google Earth® to draw buffers around clusters of houses to estimate population density and ran cost equations in Excel®. Estimating the approximate number of water points needed for each cluster of houses was also included as part of the model to establish the total costs for each woreda (district). Estimating population density was critical for this study as the further spread apart houses are, the costs to serve water to those homes would vary depending on the type of service. This is illustrated in the variation of costs between the three woredas we studied.
Our results indicate that the most cost-effective option was using 50% piped supply, 20% self-supply, and 30% CWS. These results suggest the notion that a low-level of self-supply can be used to supplement already existing water service delivery options. An additional result indicated that one woreda in particular, North Mecha, had homes closer together so this might have been a factor for the lower average costs, due to the increased population density and cost sharing savings. Additional research should collect more cost data on self-supply and other water infrastructure in rural Ethiopia to improve water service cost estimates. These methods have the potential to strengthen efforts for water coverage improvements in rural Ethiopia.
Table of Contents
Acronyms ………….….…………………………...……………………………………..….... 2
Key Definitions………...…………………………………………………………………..…...3
Chapter 1: Introduction……………………………………………………………...…...…..…4
Chapter 2: Comprehensive Review of the Literature………………………………….…..…...8
Chapter 3: Methods……………………………………………………………………..….….14
Chapter 4: Results…………………………………………………...………………....……...22
Chapter 5: Discussion…………………………………………………………….…..…….…27
Chapter 6: Conclusion ……………………………………………………………….…..……32
Acknowledgements………………………………………………………………….….….…33
Appendix……..………………………………………………………………….…….……...34
References…………………………...……………………………………………….………38
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Levels of Self-supply for Water Delivery in Rural Ethiopia: What different scenarios for supplementary self-supply in three woredas of Amhara, Ethiopia can be used to reach the SDG water-related goals of 2030 and how much will the different scenarios cost? () | 2019-04-22 09:34:20 -0400 |
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