Measles Trends in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, 2002-2012 Open Access
Alrasheedi, Fawaz Saror (2013)
Published
Abstract
Purpose: The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) aims to achieve measles elimination by 2015. Since the beginning of elimination efforts in early 2000, there has not been a study tracking the national incidence over time. Thus, we described the distribution and incidence rates (IR) of measles in all 13 provinces of KSA from 2002 - 2012. This should give policymakers a clear picture about how to improve measles surveillance and accelerate elimination efforts.
Methods: Using the national measles notification data reported to the Ministry of Health from 2002 through 2012 from all 13 provinces of KSA, trends in annual measles IR in KSA were determined and described by age, gender, nationality, province, month, and immunization status.
Results: There were 9,643 confirmed cases of measles reported in KSA from 2002 - 2012. Most were reported from Makkah (21.9%) and were among the age group 0 - 14 years of age. Madinah province showed a continuous IR increase from 2009. Baha province has been measles free since 2008.
Conclusion: KSA could eliminate measles by 2015 by maintaining high vaccination coverage in the population and improving public health surveillance.
Table of Contents
Table of Contents
Chapter 1: Introduction........................................................................................................1
History of Saudi Arabia........................................................................................................1
Location............................................................................................................................1
Administrative Structure of the Kingdom.................................................................................1
Key Indicators.....................................................................................................................2
Economy............................................................................................................................2
Education............................................................................................................................2
Healthcare...........................................................................................................................3
The First Stage: 1925-1941.....................................................................................................3
The Second Stage: 1941-1951..................................................................................................4
The Third Stage: 1951-1981.....................................................................................................4
The Fourth Stage: 1981- Present...............................................................................................4
Measles Immunization Program in KSA.......................................................................................5
Chapter 2: Literature Review.....................................................................................................6
What Is Measles?.....................................................................................................................6
Causative Organism..................................................................................................................6
Signs and Symptoms.................................................................................................................6
Measles Case Definitions............................................................................................................7
Clinical Case Definition..............................................................................................................7
Criteria for Laboratory Diagnosis.................................................................................................7
Case Classifications...................................................................................................................7
Discarded Cases........................................................................................................................8
Measles Complications................................................................................................................8
Who Is at Risk?.........................................................................................................................9
Transmission and Spread............................................................................................................9
Treatment of Measles................................................................................................................10
Measles Prevention...................................................................................................................10
Global Measles Elimination Efforts...............................................................................................12
Measles Elimination Efforts in KSA...............................................................................................13
Chapter 3: Manuscript...............................................................................................................15
Abstract..................................................................................................................................16
Introduction.............................................................................................................................17
Methods...................................................................................................................................20
Data Source..............................................................................................................................20
Data Analysis............................................................................................................................20
Ethics......................................................................................................................................20
Results.....................................................................................................................................21
Discussion.................................................................................................................................28
Limitations................................................................................................................................29
Recommendations......................................................................................................................29
Competing interests....................................................................................................................30
Chapter 4: Conclusions and Recommendations.................................................................................31
Immunization Coverage...............................................................................................................32
Public Health Surveillance (PHS)...................................................................................................33
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