Evaluation, Effectiveness, and Efficiency in Complex Humanitarian Emergencies: The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's WASH Activities in Post-Earthquake Haiti Öffentlichkeit
Cadrecha, Christina Louise (2012)
Abstract
Background: Evaluation in emergencies, disaster relief,
and reconstruction is
often inadequate or incomplete. Although numerous actors, including
UN agencies,
non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and governmental agencies
(GOs), provide
aid, these efforts are often duplicative or insufficient for the
needs of the affected
populations. Further evaluation of these humanitarian responses is
needed to
improve program effectiveness.
Objectives: This study aims to assess the response and
evaluation of the U.S.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) water,
sanitation, and hygiene
(WASH) response in post-earthquake Haiti.
Methods: To examine CDC's evaluation design, this paper uses a
case study
approach of the agency's work in post-earthquake Haiti. To inform
the analysis, a
total of six in-depth interviews were conducted, five within the
CDC and one with an
external consultant involved in Haiti post-earthquake operations.
All those
interviewed took part in the Haiti response, evaluation, or with
post-disaster
activities at CDC. Secondary data was collected from evaluation
reports, strategic
plans, policy documents, and government reports.
Results: In Haiti, a weak health infrastructure and competing
programs created
particular barriers for CDC's evaluation design capabilities. In
the health systems
reconstruction phase of its response, the agency is currently
measuring its impact
via a comprehensive strategic evaluation plan. This plan includes
objectives,
strategies, and indicators to evaluate the agency's work to improve
the water
infrastructure and reduce the threat of cholera in Haiti.
Discussion: The CDC has made significant progress to
strategically evaluate its
activities in Haiti. However, due to competing programs and a lack
of
comprehensive international standards for emergency relief and
reconstruction, the
agency continues to face challenges in determining its evaluation
criteria.
Recommendations for strengthening the evaluation of CDC's WASH work
include
further defining the indicators, strategies, and objectives in the
plan.
Recommendations will be shared with CDC's Haiti Systems
Reconstruction Office
(HSRO) to assist them in their efforts to improve Haiti's WASH
system.
Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION... 1
COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE...7
EVALUATION THEORIES AND PRACTICE...8
THE RISE OF HUMANITARIAN AID EVALUATION...20
HAITI, A CASE STUDY IN EMERGENCY RESPONSE AND RECONSTRUCTION...
34
METHODS... 50
RESULTS... 55
RECOMMENDATIONS...77
CONCLUSION... 90
REFERENCES... 94
APPENDICES... 99
APPENDIX A: LIST OF KEY INFORMANTS BY POSITION AND ORGANIZATION...
99
APPENDIX B: KEY INFORMANT INTERVIEW GUIDES... 100
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