A Tale of Two Sisters: Mary and Martha of Bethany and the Construction of Christian Discipleship Público
Wyant, Jennifer (Fall 2018)
Abstract
The story of Mary and Martha and their brief encounter with Jesus in Luke 10:38-42 is a familiar one in both ecclesial and academic circles. In recent years, however, this story has been interpreted primarily through the lens of gender issues. Within ecclesial settings, too often the text is read as solely instructive for women’s behaviors. This, in turn, has led to feminist scholars resisting this reading, arguing instead for the historical role of Mary and Martha in the early Christian church. While these two groups operate from drastically different starting points, their shared exegetical framework has led to this text being pigeon-holed as a “women’s text” relevant only to women Christians and women scholars. A study of the reception history of Luke 10:38-42 reveals this gendered framework to be a relatively recent development, with most Christian interpreters throughout history choosing to focus on the role Mary and Martha within constructions of Christian discipleship. This dissertation, beginning with Origen and moving through to the Reformation, reveals a number of diverse and creative interpretations from the patristic and medieval periods that have too often been dismissed by modern scholars. I argue that by placing these pre-critical interpretations in conversation with modern interpretative concerns, new exegetical frameworks are opened for interpreting the story of Mary and Martha of Bethany. In this way, the two sisters are permitted to speak on issues beyond questions of gender in the church and can instead speak to both genders on the nature of discipleship in Luke-Acts and within Christianity more broadly.
Table of Contents
Chapter 1: A New Problem, An Old Answer 1
Chapter 2: A Literary Approach 37
Chapter 3: Origen and Early Monastic Interpreters 78
Chapter 4: Patristic Preachers 139
Chapter 5: Medieval Readers 189
Chapter 6: The Reformation and a Shift 246
Epilogue 294
Bibliography 309
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