Abstract
This dissertation constructs a history of the largest
occupational group in colonial Dar es Salaam--domestic servants.
Servants, the overwhelming majority of whom were African men,
composed nearly half of Dar es Salaam's wage labor force and formed
Tanganyika's first African labor union. Despite their significance,
servants play only a marginal role in scholarly accounts of the
city's history. I examine how domestic service changed from a
well-paid, respected occupation into cheap, degrading labor and
analyze the struggle between servants and the state over labor
standards and servants' status as workers. Correspondence between
servants and state officials, union documents and petitions, labor
legislation, personal memoires, and official discussions about
domestic service in Dar es Salaam, shed new light on the shifting
visions and meanings of work in the colonial era. My research
reveals that the state possessed multiple and conflicting images of
African labor and African laborers. Moreover, African notions of
honor and masculinity became increasingly tied not only to work,
but to permanent, regulated wage labor. By integrating domestic
servants into the dominant narrative of Dar es Salaam's labor
history, this dissertation complicates accepted paradigms of
African labor, colonial rule, and the British imperial project.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Rethinking Urban Labor and Urban Laborers in
Colonial Africa 1
Chapter One
The Houseboy: Masculinity and the Emergence of
Domestic Service in Tanganyika 32
Chapter Two
The Servant Problem: African Servants and the Making
of European Domesticity in Tanganyika 67
Chapter Three
Labor Transformation and Urban Crisis 103
Chapter Four
The African Cooks, Washermen and House Servants
Association 138
Chapter Five
"A Trial of Strength:" The Tanganyika Domestic and
Hotel Workers Union and the Dar es Salaam General Strike of 1956
178
Conclusion 221
Bibliography 231
About this Dissertation
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