Abstract
ABSTRACT
With an Apron in the Caboose: Illegal Migration across the
Zimbabwe-South Africa
Border
This dissertation explores the history of illegal migration across
the Zimbabwe-
South Africa border from the late nineteenth century to the first
decade of the twenty-first
century. It argues that unlawful cross-border mobility between the
two countries emerged
and expanded as an unavoidable by-product of "modern" state making
processes, which
began with European colonization of the Limpopo Valley in the late
nineteenth century.
Archival and oral research in Zimbabwe and South Africa revealed
that official efforts to
enforce the Limpopo River as a geopolitical boundary created the
phenomenon of illegal
migration. From the 1890s to 2010, successive states on either side
of the border
deployed legal and quasi-legal measures in a bid to control
people's movements between
the two countries. Chapters in this dissertation show that official
efforts to control
movements across the Zimbabwe-South border met with limited
success. While
differences among state officials and employers militated against
effective regulation of
cross-border mobility, illegal migrants devised sophisticated ways
of evading both
countries' migration control measures. Contrary to scholars who see
illegal migration as a
symptom of weak or failed states and those who view it as a
manifestation of migrants'
creative subversion of authority, this dissertation treats illegal
migration as embedded
within broader frameworks of state formation, border enforcement
and politics of
migration control in Southern Africa.
Table of Contents
Abstract: iv
Acknowledgements: vi
Abbreviations: x
Introduction: 1
Chapter 1: Colonial Conquest and the
Creation of Illegal Migrants 33
Chapter 2: Migration Law and the
Promotion of Illegality 58
Chapter 3: Illegal Migration and
Regional Politics of Labor 95
Chapter 4: Migration Control as
Defense Strategy 133
Chapter 5: Crossing the Boundary
Fence 161
Chapter 6
: Illegal Migration,
Violence and Public Healing 197
Conclusion: 227
Bibliography: 234
About this Dissertation
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