Factors associated with household-level experiences of COVID-19-related hardships in Ethiopia: a quantitative analysis of hardships and the related socio-demographic factors. Public
Weldeselasie, Melat (Spring 2022)
Published
Abstract
Objectives
The objectives of this project are to identify the COVID-19-related hardships experienced by households in Ethiopia through the quantitative analysis of survey data, to estimate an additive hardship index for households, and identify the sociodemographic factors associated with household vulnerability to experiencing identified hardships.
Methods
Descriptive statistics of key variables of interest were carried out to understand the experiences of hardship among households. An additive index was created using identified hardship index variables and this index was used in regression models to identify associated sociodemographic factors.
Results
The most experienced COVID-related hardships among households in Kersa and Harar, Ethiopia were job loss, food insecurity, and input inflation. In the total sample population of households, 44.7% of sampled households experienced job loss, 18.9% experienced input inflation, and 15.7% experienced food insecurity. 20% of rural households experienced food insecurity and 64.2% experienced job loss compared to 12.7% of urban households reporting experiences of food insecurity and 33.1% experiencing job loss. The average number of hardships experienced was 3. Residence, head of household education/literacy level and occupation were the factors associated with vulnerability of household-level experiences of COVID-related hardship.
Discussion
While sociodemographic factors such as household residence, head of household occupation and literacy levels may be starting points for understanding household vulnerability to experiences of hardship, nuanced quantitative assessment and qualitative undertakings of temporally grounded data are necessary to better understand contexts and target resources to better reach the most vulnerable populations within the local context.
Table of Contents
I. INTRODUCTION 1
INTRODUCTION AND RATIONALE 1
PROBLEM STATEMENT 4
PURPOSE STATEMENT 4
OBJECTIVES 5
SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT 6
DEFINITION OF TERMS 7
II. LITERATURE REVIEW 8
COVID-19 IN CONTEXT 8
AFRICA 8
ETHIOPIA 10
VULNERABILITY AND RESILIENCE 14
IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH 16
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK 19
VISUAL FRAMEWORK 21
III. DATA AND METHODS 22
STUDY BACKGROUND 22
CONTEXT CHAMPS 22
STUDY POPULATION AND DATA SOURCE 23
VARIABLES 25
DATA PREPARATION 27
SOFTWARE 27
SAMPLE CREATION 27
DATA FILTERING AND VARIABLE SELECTION 27
DATA CLEANING AND CODING 29
ANALYSIS 30
DESCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS 30
HARDSHIP INDEX CONSTRUCTION 30
REGRESSION ANALYSIS 30
IV. RESULTS 31
DESCRIPTIVE FINDINGS 31
ANALYTIC FINDINGS 34
V. DISCUSSION 36
LIMITATIONS 38
FUTURE RESEARCH 39
VII. APPENDIX 43
TABLES AND FIGURES 43
ANALYSIS CODEBOOK 52
IRB MATERIALS 54
R MARKDOWN FILE 55
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