Factors associated with household-level experiences of COVID-19-related hardships in Ethiopia: a quantitative analysis of hardships and the related socio-demographic factors. Open Access

Abstract

Objectives

The objectives of this project are to identify the COVID-19-related hardships experienced by households in Ethiopia through the quantitative analysis of survey data, to estimate an additive hardship index for households, and identify the sociodemographic factors associated with household vulnerability to experiencing identified hardships.

Methods

Descriptive statistics of key variables of interest were carried out to understand the experiences of hardship among households. An additive index was created using identified hardship index variables and this index was used in regression models to identify associated sociodemographic factors.

Results

The most experienced COVID-related hardships among households in Kersa and Harar, Ethiopia were job loss, food insecurity, and input inflation. In the total sample population of households, 44.7% of sampled households experienced job loss, 18.9% experienced input inflation, and 15.7% experienced food insecurity. 20% of rural households experienced food insecurity and 64.2% experienced job loss compared to 12.7% of urban households reporting experiences of food insecurity and 33.1% experiencing job loss. The average number of hardships experienced was 3. Residence, head of household education/literacy level and occupation were the factors associated with vulnerability of household-level experiences of COVID-related hardship.

Discussion

While sociodemographic factors such as household residence, head of household occupation and literacy levels may be starting points for understanding household vulnerability to experiences of hardship, nuanced quantitative assessment and qualitative undertakings of temporally grounded data are necessary to better understand contexts and target resources to better reach the most vulnerable populations within the local context.

Table of Contents

I. INTRODUCTION 1

INTRODUCTION AND RATIONALE 1

PROBLEM STATEMENT 4

PURPOSE STATEMENT 4

OBJECTIVES 5

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT 6

DEFINITION OF TERMS 7

II. LITERATURE REVIEW 8

COVID-19 IN CONTEXT 8

       AFRICA 8

       ETHIOPIA 10

VULNERABILITY AND RESILIENCE 14

IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH 16

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK 19

       VISUAL FRAMEWORK 21

III. DATA AND METHODS 22

STUDY BACKGROUND 22

      CONTEXT CHAMPS 22

       STUDY POPULATION AND DATA SOURCE 23       

       VARIABLES 25

DATA PREPARATION 27

       SOFTWARE 27

       SAMPLE CREATION 27

       DATA FILTERING AND VARIABLE SELECTION 27

       DATA CLEANING AND CODING 29

ANALYSIS 30

       DESCRIPTIVE ANALYSIS 30

       HARDSHIP INDEX CONSTRUCTION 30

       REGRESSION ANALYSIS 30

IV. RESULTS 31

DESCRIPTIVE FINDINGS 31

ANALYTIC FINDINGS 34

V. DISCUSSION 36

LIMITATIONS 38

FUTURE RESEARCH 39

VII. APPENDIX 43

TABLES AND FIGURES 43

ANALYSIS CODEBOOK 52

IRB MATERIALS 54

R MARKDOWN FILE 55

About this Master's Thesis

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School	Rollins School of Public Health
Department	Hubert Department of Global Health
Degree	M.P.H.
Submission	Master's Thesis
Language	English
Research Field	Economics, Agricultural
Keyword	Hardship Economic Impact Public Health Ethiopia Pandemic COVID Vulnerability
Committee Chair / Thesis Advisor	Muir, Jonathan, Emory University Cunningham, Solveig, Emory University

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