Putting Out the Epidemic: Factors Affecting Ratification Speed of the World Health Organization's Framework Convention on Tobacco Control Público
Ramsey, Spencer Dean (2012)
Abstract
The Framework Convention on Tobacco Control is a treaty created
under the auspices of the
World Health Organization to combat the growing tobacco epidemic.
The treaty was opened for
ratification in June, 2003, and as of March, 2012, 174 states have
ratified the treaty. In this study,
world-polity and world-systems theories are used to attempt to
explain the speed of ratification of the
WHO FCTC. World-polity theory predicts that states which are more
integrated into world culture will
be likely to ratify the treaty sooner than states that are not as
integrated. World-systems theory holds
that core countries, especially those with tobacco companies, will
not ratify the treaty as quickly as the
periphery because it goes against their economic interests. The
linear-regression analysis shows that no
single variable or group of variables significantly affects the
ratification speed of the treaty. However,
cross-tabulations demonstrate that states with more INGO
memberships were likely to ratify the treaty
sooner than others, and that core countries were likely to ratify
the treaty sooner than others. These
findings support explanations of the ratification speed from both
world-systems and world-polity
perspectives. The finding that core countries were likely to ratify
the treaty sooner indicates that the
tobacco companies' focus has shifted to exploiting the periphery
rather than the core. This relationship
results from the prevalence of stronger regulation in core states,
which makes it easier for the tobacco
companies to influence peripheral states. The finding that states
with more INGO memberships were
likely to ratify the treaty sooner shows that states that are more
integrated into world culture adopt its
principles faster than states which are not as integrated.
Table of Contents
Table of Contents
Introduction 1
History 2
Growing Epidemic 2
WHO FCTC 4
Theories 5
World-Polity Theory 5
World-Systems Theory 12
Hypotheses 14
Research Methods 15
Dependent Variables 15
Independent Variables 18
Control Variables 21
Data Analysis 23
Linear Regression 24
Grouping the Variables 24
Results 27
Linear Regression 27
Bivariate Correlations 29
Cross-Tab Tables 30
Discussion 34
World-Polity Theory 34
World-Systems Theory 36
Conclusion 38
References 46
List of Tables
Table 1: Basic Statistics for Variables Used in Analysis 23
Table 2: Groupings of World-Systems Variables for Cross-Tabulations
25
Table 3: Groupings of World-Polity Variables for Cross-tabulations
26
Table 4: Example of Predicted Results of World-Systems Theory
26
Table 5: Example of Predicted Results of World-Polity Theory
26
Table 6: Linear Regression Models of Factors Related to Speed of
Ratification of the FCTC 28
Table 7: Correlations Between Dependent, Independent, and Control
Variables 29
Table 8: World-system position related to Ratification Groups
32
Table 9: INGO Memberships related to Ratification Groupings
32
Table 10: Farm Production related to Ratification Groupings
32
Table 11: INGO Membership related to World-system position 33
Appendix 1: List of States by Ratification Date and Groupings
41
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