The Fall of the Child Savers, The Rise of Juvenile Lockdown, and The Evolution of Juvenile Justice in Twentieth-Century America Public
Flikier, Rebecca (2017)
Published
Abstract
In 1967, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled in In re
Gault that juveniles are legal persons entitled to procedural
and due process rights. While liberals at the time hailed this
ruling as a victory for children's rights, historians have since
blamed the decision for the rise of juvenile lockdown facilities.
However, the process of criminalizing and adultifying juveniles
began long before In re Gault. This thesis tracks the
cultural, socioeconomic, and political changes, beginning during
World War II, that changed how Americans viewed children, and
subsequently, how the criminal justice system treated juvenile
offenders. It relies largely on the writings and
correspondence of Justine Wise Polier, a juvenile court judge in
New York City from 1935-1973. It situates juvenile justice in New
York within the context of national trends and events. It examines
contemporary periodicals, expert opinions, political platforms, and
legal proceedings that collectively expose the changing public view
of juveniles, and juvenile delinquents, over the course of the
twentieth century. Ultimately, it seeks to understand how social
movements and processes transformed the American perception of
childhood and determined the development of the juvenile justice
system.
Table of Contents
Table of Contents
Introduction 1
Chapter 8
Chapter II 32
Chapter III 55
Epilogue 77
Bibliography 82
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