Essays on the Impact of the Geographic Concentration of Industries on Competition and Knowledge Spillovers Público
Kasbekar, Chirag (2014)
Abstract
The two essays that constitute this dissertation examine the impact of geographic concentration on organization mortality and relocation. The geographic distribution of an industry determines geographical variation in the performance of organizations within it. In the first essay ("Local Competition, Mortality and Relocation: Geographic Concentration in the US Firearms Industry, 1790-1914"), I argue that a positive relationship between mortality and geographic concentration need not be caused by lower performance in concentrated areas relative to other areas. To test this argument, I use organizational relocation to construct and conduct an 'escape valve' test of local competition in the context of the US firearms industry. The results of the test indicate that organizational relocation and higher mortality rates are not driven by lower performance in dense areas. I put forward an alternative explanation for the results based on the idea that industry exit and and relocation are determined by entrepreneurial and organizational performance thresholds that are affected by geographic variation in opportunity costs. An increasing body of evidence suggests that the costs and benefits of locating in proximity to geographic concentrations of an industry depend on the local industrial organization. In the second essay ("Geographic Concentration and the Local History of Industrial Organization: Postbellum Firearms Firms in the Southern United States"), I argue that they also depend on the previous forms of local industrial organization experienced by organizations proximate to the focal firm. I use the US Civil War as an exogenous institutional shock that briefly changed the industrial organization of the firearms industry in the US South and created two groups of firms in the post-War period--those with experience of the shock and those without. Within this post-War period, I examine differences between the effects of concentrations of Civil War firms and the effects of concentrations of post-Civil War firms on organizational mortality and provide evidence in support of my argument.
Table of Contents
Page
Introduction
1
Essay One
Localized Competition, Mortality, and Relocation: Geographic
Concentration in the US Firearms Industry, 1790-1914
1. Introduction
4
2. The Escape Valve Test
5
3. Geographic Concentration and Performance Thresholds
17
4. Conclusion
24
Essay Two
Geographic Concentration and the Local History of Industrial
Organization: Postbellum Firms in the Southern United
States
1. Introduction
26
2. Geographic Concentration and Local Industrial Organization
27
3. Empirical Strategy
30
4. 'A Dictatorship of Production': The US Civil War and the Southern Firearms Industry
31
5. Data and Analysis
37
6. Results
40
7. A Possible Alternative Explanation
43
8. Conclusion
45
References
48
Figures
58
Tables
64
List of Figures
Page
Figure 1: Organizational density and organizational relocation in the US firearms industry
58
Figure 2: National density of firearms manufacturers and gunsmiths
60
Figure 3: Number of Southern US firearms firms
61
Figure 4: Multiplier of mortality rate, geographic concentration of Civil War firms
62
Figure 5: Multiplier of mortality rate, geographic concentration of post-Civil War firms
63
List of Tables
Page
Table 1: Transition matrix: Relocation across regions of the United States
64
Table 2: Top origin cities
64
Table 3: Top destination cities
65
Table 4: Summary statistics, mortality, and push analyses
65
Table 5: Correlation table, mortality, and push analyses
66
Table 6: Piecewise exponential models of organizational mortality
67
Table 7: Piecewise exponential models of organizational relocation
68
Table 8: Piecewise exponential models of organizational relocation (by distance)
69
Table 9: Summary statistics (conditional logit analysis)
70
Table 10: Correlation table (conditional logit analysis)
70
Table 11: Conditional logit analyses of choice of county destination
71
Table 12: Summary statistics: 1790-1914
72
Table 13: Summary statistics: 1866-1914
73
Table 14: Piecewise constant exponential models of firm mortality: 1790-1914
74
Table 15: Piecewise constant exponential models of firm mortality: 1866-1914
75
Table 16: Technological proficiency: piecewise constant exponential models of firm mortality: 1866-1914
76
About this Dissertation
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