Monitoring and Evaluating Sport for Peace Interventions: Ultimate Peace for the Middle East Open Access

Abstract

Background: The lack of peace caused by armed conflict or social injustice leads to poor health among affected populations. Peacebuilding through intergroup contact interventions brings individuals from warring parties together in a manner that humanizes the 'enemy.' The transfer effect allows the effects of these programs to be transmitted to families and communities. Sport has been used as a tool within these interventions to teach conflict resolution skills. However, little evaluation has been done to provide evidence for the success of this theory. Ultimate Peace, an NGO in the Middle East, uses Ultimate Frisbee as a tool of teaching conflict resolution skills through the sport's value system called Spirit of the Game, but has yet to establish a monitoring and evaluation system.

Objective: The goal of this thesis is to design a quantitative survey tool using qualitative data collected at Ultimate Peace's Camp UP in summer 2011 and to design a monitoring and evaluation plan that incorporates the survey.

Methods: Grounded theory was utilized to analyze the qualitative data from interviews and focus groups. Themes included participant satisfaction, learning and behavior change. The monitoring and evaluation plan was modeled after evaluation plans from other peacebuilding organizations.

Results: The qualitative data showed positive results in terms of participant satisfaction, learning and behavior change. However, the quantity of data was small so a formal evaluation could not be done.

Monitoring and Evaluation Plan: This thesis outlines three levels of monitoring and evaluation that includes both quantitative and qualitative data collection. Quantitative data will be collected using participant and coach surveys. Qualitative data includes focus groups, interviews and observation. Analysis will use a non-equivalent group design to look at difference in knowledge, attitudes and behavior between groups of differing participation at three points in time throughout the year.

Implications and Recommendations: It is recommended that Ultimate Peace adopts the monitoring and evaluation plan outlined in this thesis. Monitoring and evaluation will allow Ultimate Peace to ensure that their programs are working. This plan will also contribute to the body of evidence for Sport for Peace programs in the Middle East

Table of Contents

Chapter 1: Introduction....................................................................................................... 1
1.1. Introduction.............................................................................................................. 1
1.2. Statement of the Problem......................................................................................... 2
1.3. Purpose..................................................................................................................... 3
1.4. Significance.............................................................................................................. 3
1.5. Definition of Terms.................................................................................................. 4
Chapter 2: Literature Review.............................................................................................. 5
2.1. Peace as Public Health............................................................................................. 6
2.1.1. Absence of Negative Peace: the Health Impacts of Armed Conflict................ 7
2.1.2. Absence of Positive Peace: the Health Impacts of Social Injustice................ 10
2.2. Prevention of War and Building of Peace.............................................................. 13
2.2.1. Peacebuilding Through Intergroup Contact Interventions.............................. 13
2.2.2. Challenges Faced by Intergroup Contact Interventions.................................. 15
2.2.3. Examples of Intergroup Contact Interventions ............................................... 17
2.3. The Relation Between Sport and Peace ................................................................. 18
2.3.1. Community-Based Sport for Peace Interventions........................................... 19
2.3.2. Challenges and Limitations of Sport for Peace Interventions ........................ 20
2.3.3. Examples of Sport for Peace Interventions..................................................... 21
2.4. Ultimate Peace for the Middle East ....................................................................... 24
2.4.1. The Context of Israel and Palestine ................................................................ 25
2.4.2. The Importance of Monitoring and Evaluation .............................................. 26
2.5. Conclusion ............................................................................................................. 27
Chapter 3: Methods........................................................................................................... 29
3.1. Sample Population ................................................................................................. 29
3.2. Data Collection ...................................................................................................... 30
3.3. Research Design and Data Analysis ...................................................................... 31
3.4. Limitations ............................................................................................................. 34

Chapter 4: Results ............................................................................................................. 36
4.1. Quantitative Results ............................................................................................... 36
4.2. Qualitative Results ................................................................................................. 39
4.2.1. Participant Satisfaction ................................................................................... 39
4.2.2. Learning as a Result of the Program............................................................... 41
4.2.3. Behavior Change............................................................................................. 44
4.3. Conclusion ............................................................................................................. 45
Chapter 5: Monitoring and Evaluating Ultimate Peace .................................................... 47
5.1. Intervention Overview........................................................................................... 47
5.1.1. Ultimate Peace Activities................................................................................ 48
5.1.2. Target Groups ................................................................................................. 49
5.2. Organization Overview.......................................................................................... 49
5.3. UP Monitoring and Evaluation Overview ............................................................. 51
5.3.1. Outputs:........................................................................................................... 52
5.3.2. Outcomes: ....................................................................................................... 52
5.4. Level 1 M&E ......................................................................................................... 53
5.4.1. Monitoring ...................................................................................................... 53
5.4.2. Evaluation ....................................................................................................... 57
5.4.2.1. Outcomes: ................................................................................................ 57
5.4.2.2. Implementation ........................................................................................ 58
5.4.2.3. Indicators and Data Sources..................................................................... 59
5.4.2.4. Analysis Methodology............................................................................. 60
5.4.2.5. Threats to Internal Validity...................................................................... 61
5.5 Level 2 M&E .......................................................................................................... 63
5.5.1. Monitoring ...................................................................................................... 63
5.5.2. Evaluation ....................................................................................................... 63
5.6. Level 3 M&E ......................................................................................................... 64
5.6.1. Monitoring ...................................................................................................... 64
5.6.2. Evaluation ....................................................................................................... 65
5.6.2.1. Implementation ........................................................................................ 65
5.6.2.2. Analysis Methodology.............................................................................67

5.6.2.3. Threats to Validity ................................................................................... 68
5.7. Conclusion ............................................................................................................. 68
Chapter 6: Implications and Recommendations ............................................................... 69
6.1. Recommendations for Ultimate Peace................................................................... 69
6.2. Conclusion ............................................................................................................. 71
References........................................................................................................................ 73
Appendix 1: Focus Group Question Guide....................................................................... 77
Appendix 2: Description of Codes Used in Qualitative Analysis..................................... 78
Appendix 3: Monitoring and Evaluation Checklists......................................................... 80
Appendix 4: Ultimate Peace Logical Framework............................................................. 83
Appendix 5: Participant Survey........................................................................................ 87
Appendix 6: Daily Coach Survey ..................................................................................... 93

About this Master's Thesis

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School	Rollins School of Public Health
Department	Hubert Department of Global Health
Degree	MPH
Submission	Master's Thesis
Language	English
Research Field	Health Sciences, Public Health
Keyword	monitoring and evaluation peace Middle East
Committee Chair / Thesis Advisor	De Lima, Dabney, Emory University
Partnering Agencies	Community-based non-profit organization (e.g., AID Atlanta)

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